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Fatty acid and complex lipids synthesis relationships, At the high energy fed state mitochondrial pyruvate from glucose is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and NADH to produce citrate (1). Citrate is exported to the cytosol where it is split by citrate lyase back to acetylCoA and oxaloacetate (3). High cytoplasmic citrate reduces the metabolic flux of glycolysis by inhibiting the phosphofructokinase (4 and red dotted line) redirecting metabolites to the pentose-phosphate pathway (5,6,7) producing NADPH and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) both molecules indispensable for complex lipids synthesis. GA3P is further metabolized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glycerol 3- phosphate through triose phosphate isomerase (8) and glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (9), respectively. Citrate also activates acetyl CoA carboxylase (10) for malonyl CoA synthesis.
This results in saturated fatty acid synthesis by fatty acid synthase up to palmitate (C16) using NADPH coming from the pentose phosphate pathway (11). Further elongation of fatty acids depends on a set of elongases (ELOV 1-6) (12). In glycolysis, GA3P can be metabolized by glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3 DPG) (13) and 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) by phosphoglycerate kinase (14) the latter being the primer of serine de novo synthesis
#lipids #mbbs #biochemistry #chemistry #complexlipidsynthesis #lipidsynthesis #medico #medicalstudents
Негізгі бет 141. Complex Lipid Synthesis
Пікірлер: 2