Simulating the Mk.1 Armour-Piercing Discarding-Sabot round of the 17-Pounder against the Panther at 100-1500m.
Projectiles with sub-calibre penetrators increase penetration by focussing the projectiles energy onto a smaller area, with APCR projectiles being used at the beginning of the WW2. These projectiles had a hard, dense core, normally encased in a steel body; this offered increased penetration and velocity, but the body hindered the projectile through drag and wasted mass (the body would not contribute to penetration).
The solution to this was having the core sit in a lightweight sabot, which would fall away during flight, thereby reducing the drag and wasted mass (known as APDS).
One of the APDS forerunners was the one used by the 17-pounder, where its tungsten carbide core increased the cannon's penetration by around 50%. The Mk.1 projectile suffered from great inaccuracy but its design influenced many future APDS designs.
An interesting note is how much the projectile deviates from its path due to the angle of the plate; this makes sense, as future designs incorporated a rounded core nose and a hard tilting cap to improve normalisation.
[Shrapnel and spalling isnt present due to element deletion being used-this isnt the most accurate solver but provides a decent approximation to real-world effects]
The panther armour is assumed to be of good quality in this simulation
The amazing panther artwork in the thumbnail is credited to:@TanksEncyclopediaYT
References:
[1] RHA modified from: apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA392...
[2] Tungsten Carbide: www.mediafire.com/view/60ui4o...
[3] Mk.1 APDS performance: i.imgur.com/pAtdAV2.jpg
[4] Mk.1 APDS design: qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg...
TO NOTE:
Projectile shattering and cracking cannot be accounted for due to principal stress failure not being available in Abaqus Explicit. Videos by Dejmian XYZ display this phenomenon well as their software can account for them.
The armour material properties have also been altered to present more realistic behaviors as most JC material models dont predict shear failure and shear bands well -the strain rate sensitivity should have been changed for this video. This model will be improved further in the future.
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