Everglades National Park is a national park located in southern Florida, USA. The Everglades National Park is rich in animal and plant resources. There are unique species of plants such as oak, cucumber, star anise, papaver, wild orange, and wild rubber tree that are unique to the local area. The Everglades National Park is also a paradise for waterfowl, crocodiles, otters and other animals. In 2005, Hurricane Wilma caused damage to the Everglades National Park, leading to the closure of places such as the Flamingo Sanctuary. In 1979, the Everglades National Park was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
The Everglades National Park was established in 1947 and now covers 1.4 million acres. It is located at a sharp corner in southern Florida. A 6 inch deep, 50 mile-wide freshwater river flows slowly across the vast plains, creating this unique environment of the Everglades. The vast marshes, magnificent pine forests and dotted mangroves provide homes for countless wild animals. This is the largest subtropical wildlife sanctuary in the continental United States. It is a vast and dangerous area. Unlike most other US national parks, the Everglades National Park was established to protect the fragile ecosystem.
The entire swamp is about 160 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide. In the center is a shallow river with countless low-lying islands, or so-called hardwood communities, dotted around the river. The river originates from Lake Okeechobee, the lake is not knee deep, but it has an area of 1965 square kilometers. At the peak of the rainy season from June to October each year, the rainfall in one day can reach as much as 300 mm. The lake water overflows the weirs and is poured into the river. There are also springs and streams that increase the water level.
The hardwood community is overgrown with various trees, including evergreen oaks, mahogany and split olives (a kind of pine). The bark of the tree is red and peels off like sun-burned skin, so it enjoys the nickname "tourist tree". When the sedges are submerged in floods or the river dries up due to drought, these small islands become a refuge for animals. Whether it is Spanish explorers in the 16th century or people who settled in the United States in the early days, they dare not venture into this. The Everglades. The Indians there built houses on raised flat ground, lived by hunting, and planted fruits and vegetables in hardwood communities.
There are more than 300 species of birds inhabiting the Everglades National Park, among which beautiful birds such as herons and egrets are well protected. American alligators, manatees and Florida panthers are also well protected. These terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna are adapted to each other and well adapted to the humid summer and dry winter climate here. However, the ecological factor vital to their survival, water flow, was severely damaged by the urban and rural development in South Florida that began in the early 20th century. As a result, half of the original wetlands dried up, and the water flowing to the national park was intercepted by high dams and countless irrigation canals. Scientists and engineers are seeking new ways to rebuild natural water flow to meet the needs of the Everglades environment.
The Everglades includes vast subtropical wetlands and coastal and marine ecosystems, including freshwater marshes, tropical swamp islands, pine rocks, extensive mangroves, saltwater marshes, and seagrass ecosystems that are very important for commercial and recreational fisheries. The complex biological processes range from basic algae combinations to gradual evolutionary species, and eventually evolve into major predators, such as alligators, crocodiles and Florida leopards; the food chain is very obvious and complete. This mix of subtropical and temperate wild animal species cannot be found anywhere else in the United States.
The unique aquatic environment of the Everglades National Park provides refuge for a large number of birds and reptiles, as well as more than 20 rare, endangered and threatened species. These animals include Florida leopards, snail kites, alligators, crocodiles and manatees. It provides important foraging and breeding habitats for more than 400 species of birds, including the most important breeding grounds and major migration corridors for North American wading birds.
American writer Douglas once described this swamp in Florida as 'a unique, remote area on earth that still needs to be explored.' She wrote: 'The Everglades is vast and sparkling. The blue sky is shining, and the breeze is blowing vigorously. It is mixed with the smell of salty and sweet. The vast water is covered with dense sedges, emerald green and The brown sedges are intertwined into a large piece, shining with brilliance, under the grass, the water is brilliant, and the water flows quietly.'
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