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Information: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the university town of Jena in Thuringia, Germany. For other uses, see Jena (disambiguation).
Jena is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located on the Saale River, with approximately 111,000 inhabitants (2021 estimate). The city is close to Erfurt and Weimar.
The University of Jena was founded in 1558. It currently has over 16,000 students and is the largest university in Thuringia. Jena began to develop into an industrial city with the construction of the Großheringen-Saalfeld railway line in 1874. It is a center of the German optics and precision mechanics industry, all clustered around the Carl Zeiss company. The former Kombinat Carl Zeiss enterprise, with approximately 60,000 employees, was the largest industrial complex in the former German Democratic Republic. After the Reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990, Jena transformed from an industrial center to an educational and scientific center. Numerous laboratories and research institutes are based in Jena.
Two of the oldest skyscrapers in Germany were built in the city, Zeiss Bau 15 and Bau 36. The office tower Jentower(de), which is 144.5 m high (with the antenna having 159.60 m), was at its completion in 1972 the tallest skyscraper in Germany.
Jena este situată în mijlocul văii râului Saale, între versanții Muschelkalk și Buntsandstein, care sunt acoperiți parțial de păduri mixte. În aceste păduri, de exemplu, în valea Leutra, există numeroase specii de orhidee, dintre care unele sunt rare.
Cea mai mare întindere a orașului este de 14,7 kilometri de la nord la sud și 12,2 kilometri de la est la vest.
Orașele din apropiere
Următoarele orașe mai mari sunt în apropiere de Jena: Weimar (la circa 19 km vest), Apolda (la circa 12 km nord), Rudolstadt (aproximativ 30 km sud), Naumburg (Saale) (aproximativ 29 km nord-est), Gera (circa 35 km est), Erfurt (aproximativ 40 km vest), Halle (Saale) (circa 67 km nord-est), Leipzig (aproximativ la 72 km nord-est), Chemnitz (la circa 96 km est) și Dresda (la aproximativ 152 km est).
Comunități învecinate
Următoarele municipii se învecinează cu orașul Jena. Ele sunt listate în sensul acelor de ceasornic, începând dinspre nord:
în districtul Saale-Holzland:
Comunitatea administrativă Dornburg-Camburg cu Lehesten (cu Altengönna), Neuengönna (cu Porstendorf), Golmsdorf (cu Beutnitz), Jenalöbnitz și Großlöbichau;
Comunitatea de conducere din sudul văii Saale cu Rabis, Fraitsch, Gröben (aparțin de Schlöben, dar comunitatea de administrare este Bad Klosterlausnitz), Laasdorf, Zöllnitz, Rutha, Rothenstein, Milda (cu Dürrengleina și Zimmritz) și Bucha (cu Pösen, Oßmaritz, Nennsdorf și Coppanz)
în districtul Weimarer Land:
Comunitatea administrativă Mellingen cu Döbritschen și Großschwabhausen
Oraș și Landgemeinde Bad Sulza (cu Großromstedt, Kleinromstedt și Hermstedt)
The city administration of Jena is divided into 30 districts according to § 45 of the Thuringian Municipal Code. These districts were determined by the main status of the city of Jena. These are mostly spatially separated areas or villages that were previously independent communities. For each town there is a district council elected by direct election at a town meeting. The president is the directly elected mayor of the district. The 30 districts of the city are listed in the List of districts of Jena.
In addition, the urban area of Jena is divided into 41 statistical districts. These are: Ammerbach city, Beutenberg/Winzerlaer Straße, Burgau city, Closewitz, Cospeda, Drackendorf, Drackendorf/Lobeda-Ost, Göschwitz, Ilmnitz, Isserstedt, Jena-North, Jena-South, Jena-West, Jena Center, Jenaprießnitz , Krippendorf, Kunitz, Laasan, Lichtenhain - former town, Leutra, Lobeda - Old Town, Lobeda-Ost, Lobeda-West,
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