At RCA labs I was the guy who tested the 12AX7 tube and matched them up using a Tektronix scope curve tracer. I built a chassis to pre heat 100 tubes at a time fir the 100 hour burn in time . All the data was recorded by hand and cataloged in bank of file cabinets. It might appear you the reader as a dull and monotone nous job, but I loved every minute of everyday. The money was very good and I got to work with real gentlemen like Mr. Carlson. Staying late at night working overtime was a joy . I learned so much. Then it all ended with my induction into the United States Army. Fortunately fir me the Army realized my skills and trained me to repair radio equipment. Two years later when I returned hime , my old job was available to me, but now the technology had changed so much and OP amps were now solid state bricks. Testing and setup the was done by machine. I used my Army experience and went back to RCA training as a Radio / TV technician. Color TV service was a good job in the mid sixties, however I did not like doing in home repairs. By 1970 I earned my way into the shop and later on into the research lab. Over my 40 year experience i had to learn so much as technology never stood still. Here I am at 80 watching Mr. Carlson’s refresher course videos of my life. I am proud and very hard to have chosen electronics as my lives work and hobby. For all of you out there, stick too it and stay with it. Electronics is hard but interesting work that nerds do. Wear that title proudly. with
@jamesvandamme7786
6 жыл бұрын
I used an analog computer in the late 60's. It did differential equations in real time, where a digital computer would take all night to run. You could simulate a car suspension, for instance. It used op amps like these. Your lab looks like mine 30 years ago.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your story James!
@audiodood
Жыл бұрын
thats awesome wow
@glenngoodale1709
6 жыл бұрын
On behalf of the people of youtube, we appreciate the honesty, and also the time involved in setting the camera up 600 freakin' times........
@gwesco
2 жыл бұрын
Several decades ago I bought one of those NOS. I had a boss who had a Phd in electronics who got his degree in the 50's tube era. We mounted a socket on a fancy wooden base and gave it to him for his birthday. He was ecstatic to get it and often chided us gently about our solid state devices.
@MrCarlsonsLab
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your story George!
@jazbell7
6 жыл бұрын
Fantastic, I remember these from the late 50s and analog computers (I'm 81). I always thought they were impractical until the 741 showed up in the mid 60s.
@franciscorompana2985
3 жыл бұрын
Probably another technology that came from Roswell (e.g. IC chip, laser light, optical fibers, night vision), from 1947 to 1958, 11 years after, the year "Jack Kilby, a TI engineer, invented the integrated circuit." :) I wonder if we know about something (more) that is going to be invented 10 years in advance!?
@shew7090
6 жыл бұрын
Mr Carlson is now officially the guy I would most like to meet ever!
@stanleydenning
6 жыл бұрын
My dad was an electronics engineer. He owned and operated Wes's TV repair in Banning California. He closed his shop in i981 and passed away in 1983. He was an ' old school' electrician. When the age of integrated electronics came to rise, he could not keep up. His eyes were failing him as do most older people. He taught me a lot about electronics. Especially the old tube based stuff. I never really got into electronics. I haven't even thought about it for more than thirty years. OK, so. Just out of boredom or maybe curiocity, I decided to watch this channel. It truly surprised me that I completely understand everything that was talked about here. You would think that after all these years, I would forget all that stuff. Get into the modern electronics and I am as dumb as a rock.
@peterdkay
6 жыл бұрын
Great Video. I used tube opamps during my Melbourne university electronic degree back in 1960's. Our analog computer had 100 channels which allowed us to model quite complex systems. The computer (MUDPAC) remained in service until 1970 when digital computers were cheaper. Analog was still used for real time emulation in rocketry because analog computers could integrate/differentiate much faster than digital computers. They were also much better for non-linear systems because of their high compliance (+/-100V). Sadly by 1980 all benefits had disappeared and IC OpAmps and digital computers completely replaced tube opamps.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for taking the time to write Peter!
@stephenchin2761
5 жыл бұрын
Peter Kay I
@Bman130958
5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your story/fond memory, Peter. I'd loved to have viewed that set-up! Cheers
@mikeselectricstuff
3 жыл бұрын
Digikey only discovered nanofarads a couple of years ago...
@MrCarlsonsLab
3 жыл бұрын
Hi Mike. Thanks for stopping by!
@stevejohnson1685
6 жыл бұрын
Nice to see this very clear video, and nice to see tube op amps... I wrote my master's thesis building a D/A and A/D subsystem between an analog computer (using these) and a PDP-11/45. I've been doing analog and digital hardware design, plus software design, ever since.
@rcelectronicsllc9400
3 жыл бұрын
I really like watching your videos. There are times that I smile. I am a retired Broadcast Engineer. I regularly worked on transmitters that had 10 KV on the plate that could deliver up to 5 A. So you say this is dangerous and I smile.
@BlankBrain
6 жыл бұрын
The most scary capacitors that I worked with were 100 μF at 8.6 kV, used to power an x-ray machine. One of the safety compliance tests was to demonstrate the mechanism to directly short the cap if the cabinet was opened improperly. The first test vaporized the hinge on the shorting bar. It sounded like about six double-barrel 12 gauge shotguns being fired at once. Needless to say, a much larger hinge was designed and tested.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Those caps are used in "coin shrinking" demo's as well.
@NiHaoMike64
6 жыл бұрын
I thought Xray tubes run on 70kV and up?
@BlankBrain
6 жыл бұрын
NiHaoMike The capacitors were used to power a Marx surge pulse generator, which powered a field emission x-ray tube at 350 kV. The pulses were delivered at 1 kHz, and the number of pulses was determined by the exposure. The result was a low-dose high resolution chest x-ray system. The technology was developed by Field Emission Corp., and went to market in 1973. Hewlett-Packard bought the company in 1974. Around 1977, Floating Point Systems started selling array processors, to GE and J&J, making CT possible.
@ZakKohler
5 жыл бұрын
My father has dealt with GE medical xray his entire career. I remember seeing the huge volt packs when I was young.
@quaztron
4 жыл бұрын
E=½CV². C=0.0001 F; assume V=8000 volts, so E=6400 J (joules) = 1.53 gram of TNT equivalent.
@davidf2281
6 жыл бұрын
Never would have thought I could stay interested in 44 straight minutes about a tube op-amp. Well done! Impressed by your attitude to safety also; so important when disseminating knowledge. Double thumbs up!
@michaelsquires1218
Жыл бұрын
This is a blast from the past for me. I worked at Red Johnson Electronics 1966-68, at the counter, a surplus store on El Camino near Stanford where I went to school. One day I came in and one of the boss's friends was sitting with a large pile of these - he'd cornered the market for these devices at the same time that the first IC devices became available, and the only value they now had was for the tubes in the units so he had thousands he was pulling the tubes out of in order to sell the tubes as a single lot.
6 жыл бұрын
A 43 minutes video that looked like a 4 minutes video. That proves how well done and entertaining this video has been for me.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Glad you enjoyed Elías!
@saintleibowitz8401
4 жыл бұрын
your demonstration of negative voltage using 9v batteries was incredibly comprehensive. i have been trying to wrap my head around it for awhile now. thanks!
@MrCarlsonsLab
4 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped!
@saintleibowitz8401
4 жыл бұрын
@@MrCarlsonsLab i may have to continue my studies on patreon. you're helping a former foundry worker wrap his head around electronics before he goes back to school!
@bjornbrandstedt5306
3 жыл бұрын
Way back when (1964), while my friends were into Ham radio, I built an analog computer, based on modules built into Vector aluminum cases. A typical Op Amp module was put together using one 6U8 and two 6AU6 tubes and the supply voltage was +-300V. Still have one right in front of me as we speak. The plug-in module used an eleven pin octal socket. Fun stuff! Also, nF was not an unfamiliar way to express capacitance at the time. Enjoy your videos, for sure.
@nnamrehck
Жыл бұрын
Takes me back to my "Electronics in the Laboratory" course in school. Our professor had used quite a few Philbrick op amps as a student. He brought in a Philbrick brochure and manual for us to read. We were all happy that the 741 had taken its place.
@MarkPalmer1000
6 жыл бұрын
I restored a Dymec (HP) 2401A hybrid tube/transistor 5 digit systems multimeter a number of years ago that was made in 1962. At the front of the input is a Philbrick Research supplied tube type op-amp printed circuit board. An interesting piece with very thick, gold plated traces. It inspired me at the time to read about GAP/R, and that was as interesting as the Dymec meter itself. Thanks for this segment.
@philjohnson2611
3 жыл бұрын
Started to get hives when you showed the first picture! When I was in the Navy my first duty station had me working on a piece of gear that used , literally, over 500 of these things in a trainer that simulated 16 aircraft, 9 destroyers and 1 aircraft carrier. Each vehicle had it;s own operator and the device was housed around the perimeter of the base theater. During the winter months it was the warmest place on base! LOL
@MrCarlsonsLab
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your story Phil!
@AI6XG
6 жыл бұрын
Very good video. Back in the tube days vehicles were making the transition from 6 volt to 12 volt electrical systems. So a center tapped heater would allow the designer to build a radio that could operate on either system.
@InssiAjaton
6 жыл бұрын
Bob Pease started his career at Philbrick and wrote some of his Pease Porridge columns plus some articles in at least two compendium books about his experiences there. We never had any of these Philbrick tube op-amps. They were way expensive for our control systems. We built our own with 2N930 transistors that we mounted as pairs in aluminum blocks to keep the temperature matched. At one time we had stability problems on a purchased production line that used tube amplifiers, thyratron tubes and finally a Ward Leonard generator set. We improved their tube op amp circuits as a quick fix, but then we replaced the controls with our own op-amp and SCR system. In those days, the SCRs were new and the best ones we could get were 2N688 (later on 2N692 became our standard SCR). Our op-amp had a maximum gain of about 3,000 and when some commercial modules became available (from Fairchild as well as from Burr-Brown and naturally from Philbrick) that offered gains over 20,000, we occasionally used those. The next attempt was to use Fairchild 702 IC, but its unbalanced voltage swing was no good. Quickly, though, there came the 709 that was good enough to replace our own amplifiers as well as the modules. And then the godsend 741 arrived.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Great story Pellervo! Thanks for taking the time to write.
@mohinderkaur6671
6 жыл бұрын
Electronics design: 1. Bob Pease built this varactor-input op-amp out of discrete components, based on an old design of Jim Williams. When Jim Williams died, Bob pease went to his funeral. On his way back, he crashed his vw beatle killing him... The day analog died. watched all old Bob Pease videos on YT. Such a gentle giant.
@theskett
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the history, I'd somehow forgotten the 709 (kept thinking "So what was before the 741? Maybe 723 - but that ain't right..." :-)
@MLX1401
6 жыл бұрын
Just out of curiosity, where did you work at these amentioned times?
@InssiAjaton
6 жыл бұрын
Meri Lundström , It was Nokia Cable Works, or actually before the fusion, it was called Suomen Kaapelitehdas. My first job was trying to put together a pin hole sensor for lead jacket of cables. Those pin holes were formed by dirt particles in the molten lead that was extruded around the paper insulated telephone cable. The dirt was most abundant when we were using recycled lead from old lead acid batteries. My final report however had to state that no single sensor would do for all the different cable sizes, with the limit of usability changed somewhere around 0.5 inch diameter. Smaller cables could be sensed with a surrounding set of coils, while larger ones required a rotating probe or a set of multiple probes. Too complex, and moreover, the use of lead as cable jacket was already expected to fade away and be replaced with plastics. Situation might have been different with modern ICs - after all, the metal detectors at airports work with the same principle.
@TheRadioShop
6 жыл бұрын
Today is our 36th wedding anniversary, and I am watching Mr. Caslon's Lab. Fascinating!Nice op amp Paul. Thanks for sharing.
@jamesbrill5896
6 жыл бұрын
Saturday will be our 40th. Congratulations, now go get her some flowers!
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Happy anniversary Buddy, all the best wishes to you and your wife!
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Happy anniversary as well James!
@jeffminnick5209
6 жыл бұрын
Happy anniversary Buddy to you both
@Mots-mot
4 жыл бұрын
Before watching this video I was having just theory knowledge on opamps and analog computers and I have to memorize most of it🤯, after 43 mins I can understand the whole book which I read during my engineering. Thank you very much.
@geofftaylor8913
6 жыл бұрын
As I went to college for electrical engineering I never even knew a tube op amp existed. How cool. Thanks. I was interested in analog computers but they were solid state.
@cinderswolfhound6874
3 жыл бұрын
Why am i still watching mr carlson at 4.30am ? Wife got bored at 10pm and went to sleep i am in trouble in the morning !
@nickolaosv1397
6 жыл бұрын
Just an amazing video describing an ancient artifact. Suddenly i want to implement one and test all its possible configurations. Thanks again for the quality content here and on Patreon.
@MeysamShojaeeNejad
3 жыл бұрын
The time that the internal circuits were openly shared with the user. Great job!
@tbrown6559
2 жыл бұрын
I am just stunned with your level of knowledge. Amazing and thanks! I know next to nothing about electronics, but I’m enjoying learning.
@coldfinger459sub0
6 жыл бұрын
Today’s my birthday I told everybody to hold on one more hour to put off dinner and watching a video on vacuum tube opamps. I Learned a little more today👍
@therealcherti
3 жыл бұрын
I've been watching a couple years now and I really want to thank Mr. Carlson because you keep giving me the motivation to work on my own projects :)
@MrCarlsonsLab
3 жыл бұрын
Glad to be that motivation!
@fardellp
6 жыл бұрын
In a similar vein I remember "FETtrons" - solid state direct replacments for valves (tubes). The FET circuitry mimicked the performance of a particular valve and could literally be plugged into the existing valve socket,
@theskett
6 жыл бұрын
Funny, I mentioned FETrons to an acquaintance just a couple weeks back -- so that's twice in 50 years that those have come up in my conversations :-)
@bigmac965
6 жыл бұрын
"Leave the scary stuff to me." Yes, sir, I will! High voltage, open terminals... I'll stay well clear! :) Very interesting to watch, though! Thanks, Mr. Carlson!
@MrSparks54
5 жыл бұрын
Good stuff, that tube op amp is a remarkable find. The math lessons reminded me of broadcast engineering class back in the early 80s. Thanks for the awesome project!
@MrCarlsonsLab
5 жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@LaLaLand.Germany
6 жыл бұрын
You did it again, I get ancient computers now😃 You are really good at explaining things, while I relax I learn- If school were like this I'd have loved it. Thank You, I am so glad I stumbled upon Your channel.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@michaelcalvin42
3 жыл бұрын
It's obvious that you had a lot of fun making this video. It was quite entertaining to watch. Thanks for sharing this old tube op amp with us!
@foureyedchick
6 жыл бұрын
I remember the LM341 op amp. It was the standard transistorized op-amp on a chip that came out in the 1970s. But, I LOVE this tube op-amp. And I love that you found it and showed it to us Paul !
@mnewman36cme
6 жыл бұрын
Been sitting around for a month with a broken leg, nothing to do, waiting for a video, I was getting ready to cut my wrist ! Thank you Mr. Paul!!
@multicyclist
6 жыл бұрын
Yes, a tube op-amp was very interesting. It worked amazingly well and what a fantastic output range for an op-amp.
@borayurt66
6 жыл бұрын
I actually have very little interest in vaccum tubes, I am a solid state guy, but you make such great videos with such detailed explanations, I am addicted!
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Great! Thanks for your comment.
@TannerTech
6 жыл бұрын
Awesome! I found one of these in MIT's ham radio room. It was this same model I think. Now I want to build something with it after watching this video!
@OC35
6 жыл бұрын
The first time I used opamps was in the 60s at a NASA ground station. They were plastic blocks about 1 inch across and made by Burr Brown.
@fichambawelby2632
5 жыл бұрын
As ever, an excellent, clear and clean explanation of a non very usual device (I mean, a tube opamp, not a solid state one). Thanks a lot for your great videos.
@MrCarlsonsLab
5 жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@towerman75
10 ай бұрын
Another informative video. One other thing I learned, in all my years in electronics (60 + years), I always thought that the writing on the tube designated the filament voltage, the engineers initials that developed the tube, and of course, the number of elements. Oh well, learn something everyday.
@charliea697
2 жыл бұрын
The two battery - + power supply explanation was excellent.
@WhoFlungPoo2024
6 жыл бұрын
We used literally scores of K2W's in the Navy's X14A6 Antisubmarine Warfare Tactical Simulator at the Navy Operating Base (NOB) in Norfolk during the late 1960's. They were driven by a digital time base established with a huge magnetic reed switch column that was a mechanical precursor to the soon-to-be all solid-state digital signal generator.
@throttlebottle5906
6 жыл бұрын
it's probably still in use and the most accurate working device there ;))
@rebelba42
6 жыл бұрын
Paul, without you and your Channel, I'd have no chance to see such beautiful devices like this extraterrestrial looking op Amp ;) You are the only person I know, who can play the famous "Crocodile Dundee - That's not a knife" scene with opAmps :D BTW: Congrats to your TekScope which looks awesome too and many thanks for sharing such great content!
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks Ralf..... Thats not an op-amp..... This is an op-amp! LOL :^) A good friend of mine "Steve" had the scope in his lab. He was nice enough to part with it. Great scope for digital work, and nice screen to display info for video work..... For low noise analog work, I will definitely stick to my TEK type 547 scope. "Absolutely" no comparison in that regard.
@grassulo
6 жыл бұрын
I have a bunch of these gap/r 12AX7A tubes these were made in Massachusetts USA and I found them at a ham radio fest awesome things and military spec tubes as good for audio as for an op amp which now I know what they were for in an early analog computer!
@davida1hiwaaynet
6 жыл бұрын
This is amazing, seeing this technology working. And it's accurate, as well. Thanks for sharing it! That 155V P-P output is also very impressive!
@woodywoodlstein9519
5 жыл бұрын
This video answers or illustrates a great deal of what Paul is always mentioning about the nature of capacitors. The risky nature that is. This is a great video. Absorption.
@jerryblood9554
6 жыл бұрын
Don't know how you find all this neat stuff, and in excellent condition. Great video.
@timthompson468
6 жыл бұрын
Great video. I’ve been playing around with “solid state” analog computers to learn more about op amps. I’ve got a few working Comdyna GP-6 computers, and a whole stack of Heathkit EC-1s in various conditions, but mostly working. I find the subject fascinating. Most of the early missile guidance work was done with analog computers. I’ve picked up a couple of Philbrick P2 transistor op amps, but I haven’t had a chance to try them out. That op amp was in beautiful shape. I didn’t realize they used 12AX7s. I saw the base on eBay a few times, but passed it up because I thought it would be hard to find tubes for it. If anyone is interested in learning about op amps, the old Philbrick applications manual is a really interesting read. The pdf is available on the Analog Devices website. Thanks for your great work Mr. Carlson!
@goodun6081
6 жыл бұрын
Tim Thompson, I had about 40 of those Philbrick op-amps back in 2002 from cleaning out a small electronics warehouse----they sold quite well on ebay, and the best part us, most of them had highly prized Telefunken 12AX7s in them that tested like new! Ka-ching!!!
@russ5685
6 жыл бұрын
Awesome video! Thanks for taking the time to show us this, now that is able to multiply it would be interesting to see some of its other functions.
@kenh9508
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the simple explanation of negative voltage.
@kg4yhr
4 жыл бұрын
I have never seen or heard of an op amp so I learned something new today
@Scorpio722
6 жыл бұрын
Great Video, I remember using these analog tube amps back in the 60's and 70's.
@renemichelnunes
6 жыл бұрын
OMG this op amp is amazing :o, thanks Paul for the best electronics classes I've ever had, success professor!
@sa8die
6 жыл бұрын
i love how you push things/electrons to the limit, and describe in detail what is going on !! you are equal to a college professor,.,. i love it
@shana_dmr
6 жыл бұрын
I made plenty of anode voltage doomsday contraptions for testing various stuff and I like to put a neon indicator on an output, it will stop glowing at around 70-80V DC, I treat it as a low tech sanity check.
@TarakuT
6 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making my Lunch hour at work the best. Working nights just got better!
@BiddieTube
6 жыл бұрын
I would have not even believed there was such a thing. Really cool.
@mikesradiorepair
6 жыл бұрын
Don't forget mmf (micro micro Farad). That was also a very popular unit of measure for caps way back when.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
LOL, that's going way back Mike. Thanks for stopping by!
@irfp460
6 жыл бұрын
Mr Carlson's Lab Or cm, that really confused me when I first saw it.
@MarkTillotson
6 жыл бұрын
And mpF I've seen too - ie femto-farads
@cderby5743
6 жыл бұрын
micro micro Farad was common term in my younger days but instead of saying "micro micro" we said "mickey mikes". I still like the old equipment. Thanks Paul for teaching those days to the "New Comers".
@sonofeloah
6 жыл бұрын
Yes, I remember that, usually used for the mica caps.
@SeanBZA
6 жыл бұрын
Easiest way to quickly connect this type is to use an octal relay socket, gives you a nice base to use flat, plus it has numbered screw terminals.
@NebukedNezzer
6 жыл бұрын
the high speed computer used by the British in world war 2 to decode the ultra secret enigma german code. used a room full of vacuum tubes. it was digital flip flops. this Analog Op Amp is interesting. must have been fun keeping those things calibrated.
@TheHermitHacker
6 жыл бұрын
Wow nearly 50 views in 1 minute. Proof that people love your videos.
@volvo09
6 жыл бұрын
New Carlson video, and it's TUBE based!
@Enzaie
6 жыл бұрын
I get up at 4 am if a new vid is out..
@rbmwiv
6 жыл бұрын
Your videos are great. Learned a lot from watching them. I have been messing with electronics since I was 2. I never messed with anything that had tubes. I love watching them glow. I have started my journey into tubes. I got 6 magic eye kits and wanna connect to an Arduino and make a spectrum analyzer with them. I already have 1 on each stereo speaker for level indicators. Keep up the great work Mr. Carlson.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
You're welcome! Sounds like a neat project.
@LOOKMUMNOCOMPUTER
6 жыл бұрын
I love this. Gunna build one thanks !!
@virtuosomaximoso1
3 жыл бұрын
Dude. Build a super scary high voltage oscillator.
@mcsniper77
3 жыл бұрын
@@virtuosomaximoso1 You obviously don't know this dude. You should check out his media.
@punman5392
3 жыл бұрын
Bro u gotta put at least one of these in a synth. Like it’s basically required that you have at least one tube these days in everything if you want that real mojo
@Drekkag
6 жыл бұрын
Great demonstration of the op amp. happy to see tubes involved. 73, ad0am
@capt.k8577
6 жыл бұрын
My kinda cool! Mr. Carlson rocks
@MegaBakerdude
5 жыл бұрын
Very cool demonstration. Didn't know about the derivation of the 12.6 CT filament. Educational.
@RGsedona
5 жыл бұрын
Truly a piece of history. I used to work there.
@georgekaplan6451
Жыл бұрын
That was really interesting. I see those devices date back to the mid 50's. When you work in a telephone exchange you learn about what current can do - 50 Volt supply at up to 2000 Amps. Tools vapourise if inadvertently dropped across buss bars. When I was a young trainee I remember the boss freaking out because I was powering some experiments I had to do for my training off the main buss bar. I had hooked them up with 0.4mm jumper wire. If I shorted anything it would basically act as fuse wire. I've managed to acquire 3 of these devices myself now. All boxed and possibly NOS so I will have a play with them.
@tomjones9137
6 жыл бұрын
Just discovered your vids...GREAT work. I like how you have the balls and confidence in your knowledge to actually franken-build these little experiments...not only talk talk talk like most other channels. Build shit that CAN kill you...THAT is the ticket!
@jerrymontgomery303
6 жыл бұрын
I enjoyed this lesson so much it's been reminded 3 times. Keep up these invaluable and very particular lessons !
@marklange8894
6 жыл бұрын
Wow Paul, Great Video! Someone at the factory that produced that device must have spent a very long time at a curve tracer matching 12AX7A’s to get an output like the one that you demonstrated. That probably cost a pretty penny in it’s day. Using those op-amps to build even a simple “computer” probably would have cost almost as much as a house, and the electric bill would have been enormous. Think of the heat output. Sure makes me appreciate the people at Bell Labs that came up with viable transistor technology. Could you imagine a vacuum tube smart phone? A Steam Punk Dream I guess, the size of a large steamer trunk. Once again Great Video, I don’t know how you managed it with all the time that you have had to spend on the “SIFT” project. Greetings from Texas, I hope you are having nice weather, it’s hotter than Hades down here.
@stevecalver2437
6 жыл бұрын
Yes but it would cut down on your winter heating bill but add to your bill in summer with air con which is a zero sum gain.
@robertmartinu8803
6 жыл бұрын
Steve calver No, you'd just have a lower AC bill in winter, or you could try to sell the excess heat to recover some of the expenses...
@ethanpoole3443
6 жыл бұрын
Robert Martinu Before the move to more efficient CPUs, my basement server room was sufficient to heat a 1200sq.ft. .finished basement...and still I would have an air conditioner running throughout the winter. I would often get curious questions as to why I had an air conditioner running when it was 10°F outside...and then they set foot inside my server room where the 80°F air was quite noticeable since the hallway temperature was around 70°F.
@marklange8894
6 жыл бұрын
Steve, Robert, and Ethan, just an additional comment on my reply. Here in North Texas we had to run our air conditioner during the day for about half of December last year. So even though I would love to have a vacuum tube Computer, cooling it would require an even larger separate air conditioning system than I have for my entire home. But wouldn’t it be fun to play with. In the late 1980’s I worked as a two-way radio technician for a state agency, when they were upgrading the agency mainframe. The radio shop was located at the warehouse, and the old power supply for the outgoing mainframe was temporarily stored at the warehouse awaiting auction. It was designed to operate a TTL based mainframe and had a 480 volt AC three phase primary with a regulated, filtered 5 volt DC output rated at a continuous 400 Amps. I can't remember the exact weight, but I do remember that the forklift at the warehouse which was used for moving pallets of paper for the print shop could not lift it. It was on steel casters and all we could manage to do was to push it around. It also had a separate dedicated airconditioning system. The person that bought it told us he was going to use it as a power supply for a robotic welding machine he was designing to power just the welder. I can only imagine the power requirements for say an Eniac type computer with 20,000 vacuum tubes, wow mind-boggling. The history books say ”rumor has it that when the Eniac was switched on, the lights of Philadelphia dimmed.”
@quaztron
4 жыл бұрын
The Philbrick Researches K2-W vacuum-tube op-amp has a differential input that uses both halves of the same 12AX7 dual-triode tube. It is neither necessary nor possible to make matched pairs by sorting tubes. Though it might have been desirable measure every tube's "performance" as a differential pair (including closeness of "matching" within the tube), select the best ones for that use, and use the rest elsewhere.
@Electrolab28Ag
6 жыл бұрын
Nice video Paul, I guess the Op Amp won the video contest. Hope to see the others soon. Thanks again for another great video.
@ianbutler1983
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks Paul, I enjoy all of your videos.
@Satchmoeddie
6 жыл бұрын
Mr Carlson: In 1953 many American cars still had a 6 volt electrical system, in fact over half of them did, but Detriot was converting to the military's 12 volt system, because they had been using it for the war effort, and 6 volts systems used twice as much copper in the wiring. Cheaper is always better, so, enther the 12 volt system for consumer cars & trucks & the military went to a 24 volt system. Class A trucks also went to 24 volts. That is the final version of a GAP Op Amp. I used to sort through open skids filled with these GAP things looking for computer grade 12AX7s. The early prototype GAP op amps had rather cheesy box & pan brake bent & punched sheet aluminum cases. I used to find a lot more K2-XXs than W-2s.
@Satchmoeddie
6 жыл бұрын
HAVING 6 & 12 volts heaters those tubes could be used in 6 volt pre-war cars and in 12 volt military vehicles, as well. I just restored the radio for a Hudson Hornet 1956, and that thing takes something like a 25 or 29 amp really weird fuse, and I need to buy more of those fuses, but 6V6GT audio output, vibrator power supply, 6SQ7 preamp, and those weird fuses, and the fuse is IN THE RADIO ITSELF! SFE 30 for the radio and you have an SFE 9 adapter for the dash lights. Weirdness! Every amperage is a different size so you cannot stuff an SFE 20 into an 9 amp socket. You can can, but you will have to crush the glass part.
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your story Seth!
@psient
6 жыл бұрын
Great learning experience. Thanks for the feedback loop on negative vs. positive.
@jenniferwhitewolf3784
6 жыл бұрын
Philbrick was a leader.. I have one of their power supplies I am restoring. There is a fellow thats done an exhaustive website on Philbrick history and documentation.
@joeylanclos9067
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for warning "normal" people about the higher level voltage in tube systems. Mr. Carlson is correct. THESE VOLTAGES MAY KILL YOU. I even give 250 volts and up a very high level of respect, even though I have been hit by 2nd anode wire on a 25" CRT and DIDN'T DIE!!! Mr. Carlson, thanks for having this material available for us. We need to get into a great conversation about many things involving electronics and flow paths. We would both walk away with advanced enlightenment. Consider this someday. You won't regret.
@charlescartwright6367
6 жыл бұрын
You were talking about OLD times, we used to use farads [ we were told to be impossible, theory only], micro farads, and micro micro farads {Mickey Mikes]. No Nano or Pico back then...
@Feelfroow1
6 жыл бұрын
It is 3am, video about old opamp. Brain: you are not getting any sleep tonight
@Enzaie
6 жыл бұрын
Again 5 days in "good" school or 43 min with Carlson...
@CarstenLehmann
6 жыл бұрын
Never saw an tube opamp before! Really enjoyed it! Thanks!!! 😊
@gianlucavessio3562
4 жыл бұрын
I'm speechless... Excellent lesson! 🤗 🤗 I've learned so much about this tube op amp!! 🤗 🤗 🤗
@kenzingzong6704
6 жыл бұрын
I'm not even finished with the video yet but I want to say THANK YOU! so much because old schematics are definitely drawn up by those "in the know", and what I mean by that is that you'd already have to understand the schematic somewhat to realize the difference between PF and UF or even the old MFD to UF and so on. Stuff like this got standardized thankfully, but back then I swear they were playing head games unintentionally and I say that honestly because they probably figured the people looking at their schematics already knew the basic values that would be fitted into place. This reminds me a lot of my own errors today drawing up radio transmitter schematics and getting questions from people as to the variable capacitors value or resistors because I assumed wrongfully that those who would build the thing based on my idea would already know the range of the part in play for that position in the schematic. Don't even get me started on the US to UK 4.7 or 4k7 or nanofarads being a US resident. Still confuses the shit out of me and I need to look it up to make sure I am guessing right before making a happy accident or releasing the magic smoke. Anyways Mr. Carlson keep up the good work, you're a saviour to youtube with sharing your knowledge. Look forward to more videos :D
@MrCarlsonsLab
6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your kind words Ken!
@EsotericArctos
5 жыл бұрын
One of the things I love about tubes. They are more tolerant of voltage and component value variations than solid state devices are.
@QuasarRedshift
6 жыл бұрын
Wow - I actually recognized that op amp as a being from George Philbrick Research - it was used way back for Analog Computers - fascinating find and video! Only seen pictures of it though up until now - great work!
@erin19030
5 жыл бұрын
I remember working with these amps. We called them "Philbrick Amps" . One of my jobs was to test and burn in the Amps.
@CharlesM-dp4xe
4 жыл бұрын
Its amazing all the old junk he finds that still works. I've spent Idk how many hours digging through old junk TVs and stuff for old components and parts for radio projects and just on a rare occasion or two I might get lucky. Perhaps they have far superior junk in Canada. Maybe I should consider moving.
@gort59
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the great video and helping me to better understand my old Heathkit EC1! I really miss it😢 Keep up the excellent work!
@cyb3rk3v
6 жыл бұрын
God bless the KZitem speed adjustment. I always watch Mr Carlson at 2x.
@peterscully4961
Жыл бұрын
I used to service a lot of the gear in your intro - I am not interested in arguments, I just believe that tube amps provide areas of sound that can't be simulated, so I will enjoy your vids and agree to disagree a lot.
@user-lb8do4ew6k
3 жыл бұрын
I revamped an old piece of tube state machinery & it used tube op amps as oscillators & comparators to create square waves for timing purposes. Also, I have warned people right before they got walloped by charged capacitors. I've never had the pleasure myself though.
@bijouxbijouxbijoux
4 жыл бұрын
Again a great video Paul and indeed an amazing device! And, if I'm correct, 155volts pk to pk headroom is still under your 1 to 10 gain condition... So under a 1 to 1 gain condition, we could maybe climb way more!
@HighlandSteam
6 жыл бұрын
That was a blast from my past. Well done.
@arilshagen8348
3 жыл бұрын
I have a hard time understanding electric stuff. I have made 10+ guitar effect pedal kits and i have replaced tubes and the caps in my old marshall jcam800 2204. And i have worked with cars for 10 years. But you are actually making me understand stuff that i never quite understood.
@dell177
6 жыл бұрын
i went to a technical high school in the early 60's, 4 hours a day of electronics for 4 years. I subscribed to ElectronicsWorld at that time, Popular Electronics and Radio Electromics were two other magazines that dealt with hobbyist electronics. One issue of EW had a tube based op amp that you could build, I think that one had 4 or 5 tubes in it (all 12au7 if I recall correctly). I took the parts list and ran it through the Allied catalogue to see what it would cost to build it. The total came to $70 in 1964 dollars without a power supply - a bit stiff for a HS student.
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