The Turner Prize is 40 years old this year and has become a great and often controversial British institution. It is awarded to any artist working in Britain or a British born artist working anywhere in the world.
Some example include:
1984, the first Turner Prize was awarded to Malcolm Morley, an English artist who had been living in the United States for 20 years. The rules state it can be awarded to an artist born in Britain or a non-British artist working in Britain. He won the prize, as is often the case for a body of work at a major retrospective exhibition held during the previous twelve months.
1986, the controversial art duo Gilbert & George were awarded the prize after a previous nomination in 1984. That often happens, artists can be nominated and get on the shortlist but not win and that can happen again and again over many years.
1987, Richard Deacon was awarded the prize for his large sinuous installation works.
1988, Tony Cragg won and went on to represented Britain at the 42nd Venice Biennale that year.
1989, Richard Long won after three previous nominations. Controversially, he was awarded the Prize for his lifetime body of work rather than work exhibited over the previous 12 months.
1991, Anish Kapoor received the prize for an untitled piece in sandstone and pigment.
1993, Rachel Whiteread was the winner for House, a concrete cast of a house. She also won the"Anti-Turner Prize" of £40,000 to be given to the "worst artist in Britain". She gave £30,000 of it to artists in financial need and the other £10,000 to the housing charity, Shelter.
1994, Antony Gormley won for his sculptures of human figures.
1995, Damien Hirst won for his work which included his notorious sculpture Mother and Child, Divided, a cow and a calf sliced in half and preserved in formaldehyde.
1997, Gillian Wearing, showed a video 60 minutes of Silence (1996), where a group of actors were dressed in police uniforms and had to stand still for an hour (occasional surreptitious scratching could be observed).
1998, Chris Ofili won, the first time in twelve years that a painter had won. One of his works, was No Woman No Cry based on the murder of Stephen Lawrence, killed in a race attack. It caused controversy because of its use of elephant dung.
2000 it was won by the photographer Wolfgang Tillmans. A group called the Stockists staged their first demonstration against the prize, dressed as clowns, describing it as an "ongoing national joke" adding "the only artist who wouldn't be in danger of winning the Turner Prize is Turner".
2001 there was more controversy when Martin Creed's won for Work No. 227: the lights going on and off consisting of an empty room whose lighting periodically came on and went off. Artist Jacqueline Crofton threw eggs at the walls of the room containing Creed's work as a protest.
2003, Grayson Perry won with pots decorated with sexual imagery and he wore his trademark flouncy dress to collect the prize. The biggest controversy though was Jake and Dinos Chapman for a sculpture called Death, that appeared to be two cheap plastic blow-up sex dolls with a dildo although it was actually bronze made to look like plastic.
2007, Mark Wallinger won for his film Sleeper, a film of him dressed in a bear costume wandering around an empty museum, but the prize was officially given for State Britain, which recreated all the objects in a one-man anti-war demonstration by Brian Haw in Parliament Square, London. The judges commended Wallinger's work for its "immediacy, visceral intensity and historic importance", and called it "a bold political statement with art's ability to articulate fundamental human truths." The Stuckists announced that they were not demonstrating for the first time since 2000, because of "the lameness of this year's show, which does not merit the accolade of the traditional demo".
2008, Mark Leckey won for a video work that celebrates in his words the "tawdry but somehow romantic elegance of certain aspects of British culture".
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Негізгі бет Ойын-сауық 98-02 Tate & the Turner Prize
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