The working principle of an Air Operated Diaphragm Pump.
Compressed air enters the central air valve block housed in the main central block of the pump.
The air valve consists of a cylinder, divided into 3 sections - the left side, right side and Spool. A central reel or shuttle moves back and forth along the air valve directing flow through either the left or right side of the cylinder known as a pneumatic exchanger.
Diaphragm pumps have consist of a set of diaphragms on each side of the pump. Each side of the units have one part of the diaphragm in contact with the fluid known as the fluid side, the other as the air side.
The diaphragms on each cycle, and each side of the pump can either be full of air or fluid, and during the exchange cycle are either filling with air or fluid. When one side of the pump has a diaphragm full of fluid, the opposing side has a diaphragm full of air.
During the first cycle, air enters the valve and is directed into one side of the pump, filling the air side diaphragm with air.
This causes the fluid side diaphragm to be compressed discharging any fluid, whilst on the opposing side of the pump, suction is created within the fluid side diaphragm causing fluid to be drawn into the pump.
On the second cycle, diaphragms are compressed by a piston which moves laterally, which is moved as air fills one side of the pump. Air is directed to each side of the pump via a shuttle or central reel fitted on the air valve which controls which side of the unit fills with air.
The pump repeats cycle 1 after cycle 2 until either compressed air into the pump is switched off, or the pump works against a closed head (closed outlet valve) causing the pump to pause. Delivery restarts upon either an outlet valve being opened or compressed air supply restarting.
The balls within the pump ensure fluid is trapped within the unit, and unable to drain away increasing efficiency and ensuring recirculation does not occur. It also ensures the pump is positive displacement. The balls rest on seats creating a seal.
Fluid contact parts which include the diaphragm, balls, seats and pump housing are available in a variety of materials to suit application requirements.
Diaphragm Pumps are self priming positive displacement pumps which can operate under pressure, and run dry.
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