Ductility:
Indicates how much a material can be deformed plastically before fracture.
Measured by elongation (percent increase in length) or reduction in area (percent decrease in cross-sectional area).
Properties of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Properties of Engineering Material
Engineering materials possess a variety of properties that determine their suitability for different applications. These properties can be categorized into several types:
Properties of Engineering Materials
Physical Properties:
Density: The mass per unit volume of a material.
Melting Point: The temperature at which a material transitions from solid to liquid.
Thermal Conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct heat.
Electrical Conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct electricity.
Optical Properties: How a material interacts with light (e.g., transparency, reflectivity).
Chemical Properties:
Corrosion Resistance: The ability to withstand degradation due to chemical reactions, especially oxidation.
Chemical Stability: Resistance to changes in chemical structure.
Reactivity: The tendency to engage in chemical reactions.
Mechanical Properties:
Strength: The ability to withstand an applied load without failure.
Tensile Strength: Resistance to tension (pulling forces).
Compressive Strength: Resistance to compression (pushing forces).
Shear Strength: Resistance to shear (sliding forces).
Elasticity: The ability to return to its original shape after deformation.
Plasticity: The ability to undergo permanent deformation without breaking.
Hardness: Resistance to surface deformation (e.g., scratching, indentation).
Toughness: The ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
Ductility: The ability to deform under tensile stress, often measured by the degree of elongation or reduction in cross-sectional area before fracture.
Brittleness: The tendency to break or shatter without significant deformation.
Fatigue Strength: The ability to withstand repeated cycles of stress without failure.
Creep: The tendency to deform permanently under constant stress over a long period.
Thermal Properties:
Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius.
Thermal Expansion: The tendency of a material to expand when heated.
Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials
Mechanical properties are a critical subset of the overall properties of engineering materials. Here are the key mechanical properties in more detail:
Tensile Strength:
Measures the maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.
Represented by the stress-strain curve, specifically the ultimate tensile strength point.
Compressive Strength:
Measures the ability of a material to withstand compressive forces.
Important for materials used in construction and structural applications.
Elasticity and Elastic Modulus (Young's Modulus):
Elasticity refers to the ability to return to original shape after removing the load.
Young's Modulus quantifies the stiffness of a material, calculated from the slope of the initial, linear portion of the stress-strain curve.
Plasticity:
Describes the deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces.
Hardness:
Assessed using various scales such as Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Brinell.
Indicates resistance to indentation and abrasion.
Toughness:
Combines strength and ductility, measuring the ability to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing.
Often tested using impact tests like Charpy or Izod.
Ductility:
Indicates how much a material can be deformed plastically before fracture.
Measured by elongation (percent increase in length) or reduction in area (percent decrease in cross-sectional area).
Brittleness:
Opposite of ductility; brittle materials break without significant plastic deformation.
Fatigue Strength:
Describes the material's ability to resist cracking or failure under cyclic loading.
Important for components subjected to repeated stress cycles, like aircraft wings or engine parts.
Creep:
The slow, permanent deformation of a material under constant stress over a long period, particularly at high temperatures.
Understanding these properties helps engineers select the right materials for specific applications, ensuring safety, performance, and longevity.
Malleability and resilience
Malleability
Malleability is a mechanical property of materials that describes their ability to deform under compressive stress. It i
Resilience
Resilience
Resilience is another mechanical property that describes the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then release that energy upon unloading. Essentially, it measures how well a material can return to its original shape after being stressed within its.
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Негізгі бет Basic Mechanical engineering -(BT-203),Topic-Properties(Ductility,Malleability & Resilience)
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