Bihar was the hub of classical music mainly due to the patronage of its princely estates where the landed Zamindars and similar estates often held concerts and mehfils. Khayal, Drupad, Thumri and instrumental music found patronage in these affluent Rajwadas. Betia Maharaj Anand Kishore was a well-known patron. Darbhanga, Panchgachiya and Baneli were other rich and powerful riyasats where classical music was the way of life. Zamindars like the Panchgachiya Estate Raibahadur Laxminarayan Singh, Uma Shankar of Muzaffarpur and Sardar Panda Govind Lal Nakfofa were the well-known patron of their times. They were well versed in music. It is indeed lamentable that the glorious era of music in Bihar and particularly the Patna, Gaya, Panch gachia, Chapra and Muzaffarpur Thumri suffered a massive setback as the princely estates went into seclusion after the abolition of the ‘Privy purse”. Like Banaras, Bihar was home to great courtesans. Begam Akhtar had spent her adolescent days in Gaya taking taleem of music and Gauhar Jan had done her first performance in the court of Maharaja Darbhanga. Such was the patronage and the love for music in Bihar. Benazir Bai of Darbhanga, Malka Jan of Patna, Dhela Bai of Gaya, Mohammad Bandi of Patna and Panna Bai of Muzaffarpur were famous courtesans and singers.
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