The Padma Multipurpose Bridge (Bengali: পদ্মা বহুমুখী সেতু, romanized: Pôdma Bôhumukhī Setu), commonly known as the Padma Bridge (Bengali: পদ্মা সেতু, romanized: Pôdma Setu), is a two-level road-rail bridge across the Padma River, the main distributary of the Ganges in Bangladesh.[5][6] It connects Louhajang Upazila of Munshiganj and Zazira Upazila of Shariatpur and a small part of Shibchar Upazila of Madaripur, linking the less developed southwest of the country to the northern and eastern regions. The bridge was inaugurated at morning on 25 June 2022 with white pigeon by the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.[3]
The bridge is considered to be the most challenging construction project in the history of Bangladesh, the steel truss bridge carries a four-lane highway on the upper level[7] and a single track railway on the lower level.[8] The bridge consists of 41 sections, each 150.12 m (492.5 ft) long and 22 metres (72 ft) wide, with a total length of 6.15 km (3.82 mi).[6] It is the longest bridge in Bangladesh,[7] the longest bridge over the river Ganges (Gaṅgā) by both span and total length, and features the highest pile depth of any bridge in the world at 120 m (390 ft).[9][10] It is the deepest bridge in the world, with piles installed as deep as 127 metres.[11] The construction of the bridge was considered to be especially challenging due to width and depth of the Padma River.
The bridge is expected to boost the GDP of Bangladesh by as much as 1.23 percent.[12] Some 13 districts of a total 21 which will be connected to the other regions of the country by the bridge have a higher average poverty. Following the opening of the bridge, economic activity in the southwestern regions are expected to get especially boosted with several big companies already starting their productions,[13] so 17 economic zones are planned at different places in the southwestern regions.[14] Since its inauguration, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge has generated approximately Tk800 crore through toll collection in one year. Data analysis from the bridge department reveals that on average, more than 15,000 vehicles have crossed the bridge daily. To ensure convenient travel to other destinations by crossing the Padma Bridge, the government has initiated numerous projects, including the Dhaka-Mawa-Bhanga Elevated Expressway, aimed at enhancing road connectivity.[15]
History
It was reported by Daily Purbadesh in 1971 that a team of survey experts from Japan submitted a feasibility report for the construction of the Dhaka-Faridpur road to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). As part of the construction of the road, they suggested building a bridge over the Padma river.[16] After the liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh, announced the construction of a bridge over the river Padma, but due to his death, the project was not implemented.[17]
On 18 September 1998, a project worth Tk. 3,843.50 crore was proposed for the construction of a bridge over the Padma River on the Dhaka-Mawa-Bhanga-Khulna Highway with the aim of establishing direct communication between the capital and the south and southwest of the country. At 5 km long and 18.10 m wide, this bridge is considered to be the longest possible bridge in the country. Construction was proposed to begin in July 1999 and be completed in June 2004. The proposed amount of Taka 2,893.50 crore was from foreign sources and Taka 750 crore from local sources.[18]
The foundation stone for the Padma Bridge was laid by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 4 July 2001.[19] However, the BNP under the leadership of Khaleda Zia returned to power following the 2001 general election and decided to discontinue the project.[citation needed]
In the 2006-2007 Annual Development Program, the then Government of Bangladesh adopted a plan to build the Padma Multipurpose Bridge.[20]
The Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) invited the pre-qualification tender for the project in April 2010. Construction of the bridge was expected to commence by early 2011[21] and be ready for major completion in 2013 (and complete all sections by late 2015[22][unreliable source?]).
After allegations of corruption by some people associated with the project's preparation, the World Bank withdrew its commitment and other donors followed. The government of Bangladesh then decided to fund the project itself.[9]
China proposed building the bridge on the build-operate-transfer (BOT) basis by investing $2 billion or 70 percent of the project cost. Four companies-China Major Bridge Engineering Company, Daelim-L&T JV and Samsung C&T Corporation-purchased the tender papers. However, only the Chinese company submitted their financial proposal on 24 April 2014.
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