Let’s have a look at BIOS settings.
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Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
BIOS, or Basic Input/Output System does as the name suggests, provides the code so you can access basic functions of the computer. UEFI is a newer system which is designed to replace BIOS. In another video I will look at how to configure UEFI which you will most likely come across nowadays. BIOS is only used on older computers.
When the computer is switched on, the computer's BIOS initiates a Power-On Self-Test, otherwise known as POST, which conducts a preliminary check of the hardware components to ensure they are functioning correctly.
The BIOS also holds the basic computer configuration. This configuration defines computer settings like the boot order of the computer, what hardware is enabled or disabled and a number of other settings. These settings are not very large. It also has an internal clock which keeps the date and time.
Traditionally, a battery in the computer kept these settings so they were not lost when the computer was disconnected from power. On modern computers, these settings are stored in flash memory and thus do not require power to prevent loss. The battery, however, does still run the internal clock. On older computers, when the battery goes flat, the time will reset and you will lose all your settings. On more modern computers, you will just lose the time.
I will now have a look at some BIOS settings.
Demonstration of BIOS
I will start my computer up and press delete to enter the BIOS. In this demonstration, I won’t go through every setting, the ones that I will cover in detail are the ones you are more likely to use.
There are a lot of different types of BIOS out there. I will look at two different ones. This BIOS is text based which was very common in the old days. However, it is possible for BIOS to be graphics based.
To start with, I will select the first option “MB Intelligent Tweaker”. These options allow you to fine tune the clock settings that are used by the computer. In the majority of cases, I would recommend leaving these settings on their defaults. People overclocking their computer would change these settings, or if you are having stability problems with the computer you may want to change them.
There is a section called “DRAM Configuration”. This section allows the timing of the memory modules to be changed. There is an option here which allows the memory modules to be changed from Ganged to Unganged. This option is used when dual-channel memory is used, that is, two memory modules are installed on different channels. Unganged means that each channel can be accessed independently of the other. Ganged mode is when both channels have to be accessed at the same time.
In most applications, Unganged will give you better performance. In some cases, where you are running particular applications or certain server applications, you may get better performance using Ganged.
When I scroll down, there are a lot more settings for memory modules that can be configured. I would leave these on the automatic settings. On one occasion I had a memory module that was causing instability, so I increased the timing which resolved the problem. Unless you have specific reasons to do so, I would leave the settings as is.
I will exit out of here and go to the next menu option, “Standard CMOS Features”. On this screen notice the setting “Halt On”. This option determines when the computer will halt when an error is encountered. When the computer starts up, it will test the keyboard. If the keyboard is not found, it will generate an error and the computer will stop booting. To prevent this from happening, you can select the option “All, but Keyboard” or “No Errors”. When either of these options are selected, the computer will boot without a keyboard connected.
If you set up your computer without a keyboard, also known as headless, you will want to configure the computer to not stop booting on errors. Headless computers are often used for providing services that you would put in the cupboard or under the stairs and forget about. However, if the computer were to crash and restart, you would not want it to stop booting because a keyboard was not attached.
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References
“The Official CompTIA A+ Core Study Guide (Exam 220-1101)” pages 102 to 108
“Mike Myers All in One A+ Certification Exam Guide 220-1101 & 220-1102” pages 169 to 172
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Credits
Trainer: Austin Mason ITFreeTraining...
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