A vacuum hose, which can also be referred to as a “line” or a “tube,” is a flexible rubber connection that routes manifold vacuum to various components and accessories. Since vacuum can be used to power everything from a vacuum brake booster to a windshield wiper motor, a vehicle may contain dozens of these hoses. Vacuum tees, trees, valves, and other connection accessories are used to route vacuum as efficiently as possible.
The smallest vacuum lines have a 3/16″ inner diameter (ID), and the biggest ones are typically 5/8″ ID hoses that provide manifold vacuum to a brake booster. Adapters are available to convert from one ID to another, but it’s typically best to use properly sized vacuum hoses whenever replacing them.
Virtually every vehicle that runs on gas has at least some vacuum hoses, but they can also be found in some vehicles that run on diesel. Although diesel engines don’t naturally produce vacuum, some diesel engines are equipped with a throttle plate or a vacuum pump to allow them to produce it. This is primarily to enable these vehicles to use the same vacuum accessories that gasoline-powered vehicles use.
Cars and trucks from the late 1980s and the early 1990s tended to have the most vacuum hoses due to their increasingly complex emissions controls, and vacuum diagrams for vehicles from that era can be incredibly complex. In some cases, properly hooking up a vacuum system for a vehicle from that era can be nearly as complicated as the electrical wiring.
Modern vehicles continue to use vacuum hoses, although they typically don’t use that many. Since modern fuel injection systems are computer controlled, and other things like ignition timing are also computer controlled, vacuum lines are typically only needed for components like brake boosters and PCV valves.
The term “vacuum hose” can refer to all of the flexible tubes that transmit vacuum throughout a vehicle, but the terms “vacuum line” and “vacuum tubing” are sometimes used to smaller diameter hoses. Some of the most common inner diameters of vacuum hoses are:
1/16″ (2mm)
3/32″ (3mm)
1/8″ (4mm)
5/16″ (8mm)
3/8″ (9/10mm)
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