diamond, a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance known; it is also the most popular gemstone. Because of their extreme hardness, diamonds have a number of important industrial applications.
Diamonds are considered gemstones - they fall under the same category; as diamonds, alike gemstones are naturally formed crystals produced from compounds/elements. However, what makes diamonds different from other gems, is that diamonds are formed from a single element, this being high pressured carbon.
At very high pressures and temperatures, the carbon atoms are squeezed so much that they start touching more atoms. When the pressure is about 50,000 times the pressure at the surface of the Earth and the temperature is about 1600°C, the carbon atoms bond with 4 other atoms and result in diamonds.
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