One small caveat: in broader mathematics, "number of bacterial colonies" would be treated as a *discrete variable*, which means the variable is numeric but it's restricted to certain values (and between those allowable values are gaps that the variable can't take on). But if you're plugging that variable into a regression or t-test/ANOVA model, then you're treating it as continuous. To quote minitab, which has great articles on statistics: "If you have a discrete variable and you want to include it in a Regression or ANOVA model, you can decide whether to treat it as a continuous predictor (covariate) or categorical predictor (factor). If the discrete variable has many levels, then it may be best to treat it as a continuous variable. Treating a predictor as a continuous variable implies that a simple linear or polynomial function can adequately describe the relationship between the response and the predictor. When you treat a predictor as a categorical variable, a distinct response value is fit to each level of the variable without regard to the order of the predictor levels. Use this information, in addition to the purpose of your analysis to decide what is best for your situation." support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1/help-and-how-to/modeling-statistics/regression/supporting-topics/basics/what-are-categorical-discrete-and-continuous-variables/
@madipsychomadi3144
4 жыл бұрын
thank you very much for your generous response.
@felixokatch4587
4 жыл бұрын
Good
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
@Raggul Kanakasabapathy, it sounds like it could go either way. I'm not an expert by any means, but I think you would decide whether to treat the independent variable as categorical vs continuous by asking questions like "do I expect a linear relationship between the input and output, such that more of the independent variable consistently leads to more/less of the dependent variable?" I think you can also ask questions like "for the purposes of my study, do I care about the *relationship* that the independent variable has to the dependent variable, or do I care about finding e.g. a single dose that is therapeutically significant?" Do you have reasons to expect that salt has a linear relationship (positive or negative) with plant growth? Are you interested in the specific nature of that linear relationship (e.g., is your goal is to say "for every 1 g of salt, the leaves grow X cm longer")? If so, then it might make more sense to treat mass as continuous. Alternatively, are you looking for whether a particular mass of salt exists which provides a statistically significant growth effect? Are there reasons why too little salt could inhibit growth, and too much salt could inhibit growth, but maybe there's a salt mass in the middle that could balance multiple biological factors and yield the most growth? If so, then it might make more sense to treat mass as categorical. The fact that you described 0 g of salt as the "control group" already suggests to me that you might be looking to compare salt vs. no salt, and the reason you have different amounts of salt is to help answer the question "do plants grow more effectively with salt than without salt?" In other words, having a control group suggests that you're not looking for the specific nature of a hypothesized linear relationship between amount of salt and amount of growth. I've never taught IB Bio, but I did teach IB Physics. If you're writing an IB Biology IA, I would think it's worthwhile to explain how you're analyzing your data and justify why you chose to treat the independent variable as categorical vs. continuous. If you choose to treat mass as categorical, then you've got a categorical independent variable and a continuous dependent variable--what test would you use in that circumstance? If you treat mass as numerical, then both the IV and DV are continuous--what test would you use in that circumstance? (By the way, you can still do a regression with a categorical independent variable, but that's not really done in IB Biology, and it sounds like this might not make sense in your case. Here's what it would entail. For each dose, you'd essentially have a different dummy variable that takes on a value of 0 or 1. So the variable m_1g would be 0 or 1, and the coefficient would tell you how much more/less growth the plant had compared to 0 g when 1 g of salt was added. The variable m_2g would similarly take on values of either 0 or 1, etc.) Another quick thing--if you go the route of performing multiple t tests (to compare each salt mass to the control group), then you want to watch out for family-wise error. You can do a quick Google search to see what this is. This is usually dealt with by lowering the p value that you need in order to reject the null hypothesis. For example, if you do 5 t-tests, and you'd normally use p < 0.05 as your significance level, then you might instead calculate 0.05/5 and use p < 0.01 as the significance level for each test, since performing multiple tests increases the likelihood of a false positive. There are different ways to account for this family-wise error, and the appropriate approach depends on the class you're in and how rigorous the statistics element is.
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
@Raggul Kanakasabapathy Since it's an IA, I can't quite give you a direct answer--that will be up to you. All I'll say is that it sounds like you're saying you have a continuous IV, a continuous DV, and you seek the mathematical relationship. if you go the route of regression, I have a few thoughts: (a) I think regression and mathematical relationships are less common in IB Bio IAs. Because of that, I recommend asking your teacher if you're on the right track and if you have a suitable topic, question, and statistical analysis approach. (b) If you go the route of regression, I think you will want to be careful about how you phrase your research question. If your understanding is that regression is appropriate when seeking a mathematical relationship between a continuous IV and a continuous DV, then you want to phrase your research question as seeking that *mathematical* relationship between the variables. (c) In all of it, the ultimate goal is to use the analysis as a mechanism to talk about in-depth Biology analysis. So if you find a negative linear relationship, then you want to use the Biology you've learned to try and explain, in depth, *why* that relationship exists. (d) Since I've never taught IB Bio, definitely have a conversation with your teacher about all of this. The advice I'm giving you is good for IB Physics, but I'm not sure how much of it translates over to Biology.
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
@Raggul Kanakasabapathy Hi Raggul, I was curious how your IA turned out! Were you happy with the final product?
@RG-sl6ix
4 жыл бұрын
Finally, the sky is clear....
@tekmepikcha6830
4 жыл бұрын
This is perhaps the most simpliest and yet full tutorial I've heard on statistical tests LOL.....Well put together Daniel. Thanks
@danielm9463
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the kind message! I'm glad it was helpful
@mariabelenvargassanmartin2314
3 жыл бұрын
FACTS
@14MCDLXXXVIII88
2 жыл бұрын
This is by far the best material about SPSS I've ever seen in my whole life. Throw 100$ SPSS books into trash can. This video is very beautiful in a minimalist way. Greetings from a procrastinator doctor, who is trying to hurry analysis at 07:00 AM for the finish date of a paper :-)
@robingriffin42
3 жыл бұрын
9:57 minute video vs 6 weeks of lectures...just wow!
@Tiatabs13
2 жыл бұрын
I have all this data I’ve collected for my masters thesis, I’ve been looking for a test to use for two days. This video, hands down, has just saved my life. THANK YOU!!!
@jaleelhull941
Жыл бұрын
how did it go
@view5558
3 жыл бұрын
After struggling for years trying to figure out about the necessity of so many statistical tests, finally I have an overview of statistical tools an how to choose one from.
@gutsandglory7507
2 жыл бұрын
Man, this guy nailed it. I fumbled in my undergrad research. I wish this was available to me then. Thank you, Sir.
@rodsalomon6524
3 жыл бұрын
Im from the Linguistics field in this is still helpful for my thesis, thank you!
@Lydia-yo4lo
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for this video! Simple, concise, well organised -- it's rare to see such a well-made tutorial to a somewhat confusing topic such as this, amazing :)
@mmmm7656
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks to Allah.. I have found someone who is teaching the basics..I needed it badly
@asmasultana2732
3 жыл бұрын
Hello. I need some help from you
@mmmm7656
3 жыл бұрын
@@asmasultana2732 yes
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it helped! I often need the basics too. This is a good starting place, but this video really does make some simplifications, and as you study more, you'll see that things aren't always so clear cut. I'm glad it helped!
@danielelieh-ali-komi6544
Жыл бұрын
This video includes more data and has better educational content than what I learned in my MSc. Thank you Daniel.
@asmaaadventures1791
2 жыл бұрын
Wow! I cannot express how much I am grateful to you for making this video. I spent one week figuring out which suitable statistical test was for my case. THANK YOU
@1990poulami
2 жыл бұрын
I watched so many videos on this topic. But this is the best explanation so far. Thank you so much
@v9054
4 жыл бұрын
I fell in love with the way you explained both the qualitative and quantitative techniques.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Venu!
@jodieharth
4 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Was recommended for Business Data Analytics. 4:08 is particularly useful if you're wondering what sort of test to use (or, what it's called!) Chi-Squared / t-Test / Correlation.
@michalinaprycka3692
3 жыл бұрын
This video has helped me more than my biology teacher, love you man
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped! I sympathize with IB Bio teachers! They're expected to teach statistics, but it's not part of the curriculum!
@darrenzerone765
2 жыл бұрын
Statistics are so simple and easy to understand after your wonderful explanation. Thank you for this amazing video.
@chaqsakhatanachaqsakhatana2325
2 жыл бұрын
Stat is not easy subject 😭😒
@view5558
3 жыл бұрын
After struggling for years trying to figure out about the necessity of Sr many statistical tests, finally I have an overview of statistical tools an how to choose one from.
@saggrawal
4 жыл бұрын
An amazingly simple description of statistical tests. Thank you so much!
@donharris8846
4 жыл бұрын
For a broad perspective, this is a remarkable video. Nice work! This helps a lot
@danielm9463
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks so much, Don!
@tessaowens
3 жыл бұрын
Correlation can be used on categorical data too! Not just continuous data.
@jincymathewm362
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, spearmans rank correlation
@mrkhan.881
3 жыл бұрын
Yes. But the dependent variable should always be continuous variable. And if the independent variable is Nominal then use Phi coefficient test and if ordinal then use Spearman.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
@@mrkhan.881 That's true for linear regression. Other regressions (e.g., logistic regression) do permit the dependent variable to be categorical.
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
@Tessa Owens, it's a good point. Really, a lot of the dichotomies in this intro video disappear in higher-level stats. You can reproduce the same p-values in Anova as a regression model, and you can set up dummy/indicator variables to encode categorical variables. The main audience for this video is high schoolers who haven't learned any stats but are expected to use it in their IB Biology IA.
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
@@jincymathewm362 It's a good point. I've intentionally avoided ordinal data in this video because it really is a separate category from a stats perspective and usually requires nonparametric methods. Fortunately IB Bio high schoolers aren't expected to use it!
@Sarmilagiri12
3 жыл бұрын
The most simpliest and useful tutorial i ever heard and seen. Thank you soo much for giving us such a wonderful lessons. 😊😊😊
2 жыл бұрын
Haters will say this clip is way too simple, I will respond yes that’s why it’s almost perfect.
@happyshappys
3 жыл бұрын
Simple, easy and best and proper way to have quick notes
@_kaira4130
3 жыл бұрын
The way to generalize test in a table is amazing!! Thanks! It really really helps a lot!
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped! Just don't miss the correction I mentioned in the description
@yusronnaim
Жыл бұрын
half semester of my statistics class didnt give such comprehension, thank you for this well put video.
@ottobena
2 жыл бұрын
Simply the best and clearest explanation video.
@NileSon123
2 жыл бұрын
Best video I watched in statistics especially in experimental designs Thank you very much for that simple and valuable information
@tameka4100
3 жыл бұрын
your english is impeccable. i can clearly hear the proper pronunciation and enunciation. Concept is well explained.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
It's funny--I think people think I'm smarter than I am because I enunciate well :)
@maria_yourKARMA
4 ай бұрын
I like how the simplicity of your content, keep it up.
@m-tron5966
Жыл бұрын
The Simplest and Most Comprehensive Demonstration of Tests...Thank You
@flyingfox707b
2 жыл бұрын
Very succinct and well put together. Thank you, Daniel!
@marjiehoss1498
4 жыл бұрын
I wish you taught me Econometrics. Thank you for this.
@novaxgreed2828
3 жыл бұрын
This video basically summarized two semesters of my statistics subject ngl.
@mainecervillon5437
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for making it super simple, clear, and easy to understand!
@s1lverhawk
3 жыл бұрын
From the bottom of my heart THANK YOU for this
@datapeek
2 жыл бұрын
I watched many videos on Hypothesis tests and always left with some sort of confusion. But you made it really simple. 🔥
@solomiiak1779
Жыл бұрын
Thank you sooo much for this video! It saved my life!I spent so many days trying to understand which test I should use for my master's thesis. You explained VERY well and simple! Thank you again.
@naziya9967
3 жыл бұрын
Iam from india , teaching research to post graduate students of education department.feel very helpful to understand overall category /families of statistics test.very excellent content of video 👍👍👍👍
@mellizacosminatan7173
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much, this is really helpful. I am even able to understand my own research thoroughly without thinking what was the reason why is it not relationship based.
@kaliswarijawacar1501
3 жыл бұрын
I am not clear about which technique is used for the which study before observing this video. Now I clear about it . Thank you sir
@kteforeal
4 ай бұрын
I'm slow when it comes to math (like "if johnny has 5 apples" type slow) and this breakdown finally made things clear
@danielm9463
3 ай бұрын
Don't hesitate to post any questions you have about your work or what you're studying!
@WrenStanchen
Жыл бұрын
This helped me a lot, and I'm taking a graduate level class. Thank you!
@kerrielashley
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video. You did a great job of explaining the various statistical tests and their applicability.
@arushikumar3044
2 жыл бұрын
This video is so well made! Thank you for your effort. It's really helping us out.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Very glad to hear that! Check out the caveats I pinned at the top of the comments. Feel free to ask questions!
@dr.ujjvalrana5261
4 жыл бұрын
Thorugh and simple to understand. Thanks
@zucledesma
3 жыл бұрын
Very clear explanation. Thank you so much.
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped!
@kenmakozume4781
Жыл бұрын
I'm homeschooled and we were tasked with an experimental quantitative research. It is my first research and I'm all by myself. Thank you so much for your simple explanation! You saved me big time. My teacher dosent teach and her modules are hard to understand. Now, I have an idea what statistical analysis I should use for my experiment. Many many thanks again🙏
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
Feel free to post a comment if you have any specific questions about your research!
@kenmakozume4781
Жыл бұрын
@@danielm9463 My research is about aquaponics, how fish waste affects the growth of a plant, specifically Gotu Kola. My experiment will use two containers with different number of fishes to manipulate the amount of fish waste and both have one sample of Gotu Kola. Should I use correlation or t test? Thank you for you Ur reply :)
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
@@kenmakozume4781 This sounds really interesting. There might be a couple ways you could take it. Do you have a way to measure the mass/volume of fish waste, or is the plan to count the number of fish? I'm also curious how you're measuring plant growth--is this done on e.g. a daily basis or at the end of a fixed study period? One rule of thumb is that you need ~10 points minimum for correlation or simple linear regression, although you can often get away with fewer data points. ("Simple" linear regression just means there's a single dependent variable and a single independent variable.) So t-test might tend to be more natural for that reason, unless you're planning to collect repeated measures for each tank. If you do a t-test, you're treating your independent variable as categorical, almost as though you simply labeled one "high waste tank" and the other "low waste tank."
@kenmakozume4781
Жыл бұрын
@@danielm9463 thank you for the kind compliment. I measure the fish waste amount by weighing scale(grams) and by counting the fish but the scale is more specific. I will be observing the samples for four weeks. Particularly, measuring the diameter and height of the largest and smallest Gotu Kola. Is that a t test??
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
@@kenmakozume4781 it sounds like you might have two different independent variables, and possibly two different dependent variables. You'll either have to pick one of each, or simply have a few different research questions, each of which you answer separately through a different statistical analysis (e.g., #1 does mass of fish waste impact diameter of..., #2 does mass of fish waste impact height of..., etc.). Are you measuring the samples periodically (e.g., at 0 weeks, 0.5 weeks, 1.0 weeks, 1.5 weeks, ... 4 weeks), or are you measuring just at the beginning and the end (i.e., at 0 weeks and at 4 weeks)?
@scarsmakestars
4 жыл бұрын
I'm in IB Sports Exercise and Health Science but this video helped a lot for choosing the test for my IA. Thanks!
@sallsall3
2 жыл бұрын
I also use chi square test for my accounting research bcz it has nominal and ordinal scale Not just for biology subject
@battlemud577
3 жыл бұрын
Omg... I am a year 5 dental student and this vdo finally opened my mind...
@razwanulislamasif1190
Жыл бұрын
best ever discussion in truly simple way. love from Bangladesh🇧🇩🇧🇩🇧🇩
@sebastianheuchler436
3 жыл бұрын
Very brief and to the point. Great for a reasonable first overview of these topics. Thanks
@anthonyoni4751
3 жыл бұрын
I don't know how you did it but you have helped me to know this better.
@NinjaCoderInTraining
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks man. Best explanation I've seen so far 👍
@ainazarmstrong5615
2 жыл бұрын
This video perfectly cleared everything up, thank you so much.
@roopalivs6782
4 жыл бұрын
Beautifully explained and simplified...... keep going 👍🏾
@justiceoforiatta6826
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for enlighten me on how to choose these statistical tests. I will be grateful to learn more.
@shahidbud3862
3 жыл бұрын
Comprehensive and over simplified.A great video.
@alziraangeli9707
3 жыл бұрын
Awesome video! Thank you so much, Professor! Cheers from Brazil!
@sowmyaramaswamy6686
10 ай бұрын
So helpful. Thank you! The basics make it easy to understand everything
@zaina9011
3 жыл бұрын
Best ever teaching technique....
@PriitPauklin
4 жыл бұрын
Great job! It helped a lot in explaining the basics! Nice work!
@marwaa.6759
4 жыл бұрын
simply perfect and clear explanation . Thanks for your great effort
@zihao8027
3 жыл бұрын
tysm!! i would've had a breakdown if not for your video 🤧 also, the dun dun dun at 0:08 made me laugh so thanks for that too
@mohammedabdulrazzaq7193
2 жыл бұрын
I am a med student at Orebro University Sweden, and yet this video was with no comparison far away better than the lecture we had at school, Gret work man, best of luck
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Tack för dina vänliga ord! I'm really glad the video helped. It is a bit simplistic, but if you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask them in a comment!
@erwincarlogonzales
3 жыл бұрын
This video is golden for MS and PhD students
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad it's helpful! If you're an MS or PhD student, it could be useful for big-picture frameworks. But just a word of caution--it does make some simplifications. I've gotten comments from grad school professors that the distinctions here are less valid at a more advanced level, and that this video ignores e.g. generalized linear models, which extend regression to categorical variables. Those things are all true, but they're too advanced for an introductory level. I made this video for high school students with no background in statistics who have the task of determining an appropriate statistical test to use for their research project.
@dharris6357
Жыл бұрын
Best summary video ever!!
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
Thank you!!
@dharris6357
Жыл бұрын
@@danielm9463 The world needs an @danielm9463 full statistics course series. I’m taking a statistics for the social studies. I’ve watched tons of videos on KZitem. I’ve not seen a tutorial done this well. So, we need more! You’ve got a gift ❤️
@danielm9463
Жыл бұрын
@@dharris6357 ❤❤❤ thank you!! I would love to make a full stats video series and hope to have time for that some day soon. What types of topics do you think would be most useful? Given that you study stats in your class already, is it the big-picture overview that is most useful, or would it be helpful to have videos on the mechanics of e.g. how to do a t-test and why/how it gets modified when there are unequal sample sizes, unequal variances, etc.? Or is it more helpful have videos with big-picture overview / how to look at different scenarios and see which test would apply?
@BiotechArab
Жыл бұрын
Bravo! It is just the thing I needed to refresh my background after a long break
@bruceliebewilma
7 ай бұрын
Why I am still looking at these as a graduated Master Student :D So these things, if we don't use very often, we human will soon forget it. That's why I come back and refresh my knowledge.
@danielm9463
7 ай бұрын
I could not agree more!!
@joyofall30
Ай бұрын
Just starting to watch the video and loving your video
@bastawesybastawesy
2 жыл бұрын
JEEEZZ YOU JUST SAVED MY LIFE, best explanation video ever hands down and best 9 minutes of my life ! xx
@patkatiduh4768
3 жыл бұрын
I have never understood it this way.
@bibekmalla8027
2 жыл бұрын
Best teaching method
@rediettekle7377
2 жыл бұрын
Wow this simplified everything so much, thank you
@IanPaulSaligumba
2 жыл бұрын
Amazing video
@rekharana6562
6 ай бұрын
Although the video is in English and my native language is Hindi, but I found it very much clear and informative.... thank you so much
@christophers.villaraza2841
3 жыл бұрын
Crystal clear explanation!
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@mylearning7504
3 жыл бұрын
Best video on statistical tests
@elaineli5844
3 жыл бұрын
currently doing my BIO IA. thank you
@preetamgurav4139
2 жыл бұрын
Sooo good I literally cried
@DrAamir580
Жыл бұрын
Sir you just nailed this video, you made me so damn clear about correlation. Thanks alot for your precious video😍
@dirkaloha
Жыл бұрын
Reaffirmed what I am beginning to grasp. Thank you!
@ikmalhakim1101
2 жыл бұрын
How do you proceed from one-way ANOVA? How do you figure out how many and which one is statistically significant?
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
One approach (though I'm not sure the extent to which this is done) is to proceed with individual t-tests that run through all possible pairwise comparisons. However, doing this introduces family-wise error. For example, if you do 10 follow-up pairwise t-tests using a significance level of 5%, then the cumulative chance of a false positive in any of the 10 tests is 1-(1-α)^10 = 40%. If the true Type 1 error rate is 40%, then it would be inappropriate to claim that our significance level is α = 5%. So the significance level must be adjusted to compensate for the family-wise error. One approach is the Bonferroni correction, which simply entails dividing the significance level α by the number of pairwise tests that are planned (or conducted post-hoc). If a cumulative Type 1 error rate of 5% is desired, then a significance level of 0.05/10 = 0.005 would be used. The more precise formula gives us the exact cumulative Type 1 error rate for 10 tests each using α = 0.5%. It is: 1-(1-.005)^10 = 4.9%.
@marcomurru3295
2 жыл бұрын
Is Chi Square not used when you want to find a relationship between two or more variables? I'm a bit confused now.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
It's a really good question. In this video, I'm using "relationship" to have a narrow meaning. It refers to relationship in the mathematical sense, which is the nature of the equation that relates the two variables. It's similar to how "correlation" has narrow meaning and only refers to *linear* correlation. The Chi squared test isn't about determining the specific nature of the mathematical equation relating the variables. If we stick to dichotomous variables (for simplicity), then the Chi squared test of independence is generally used when we have 1 sample, and we measure 2 categorical variables, and we want to know if they are independent or associated. (Just as a side note, "associated" is different from "correlated." Correlation is one specific type of association wherein the relationship is linear.) The Chi squared test of homogeneity is very similar. Generally, we can think of those problems as having 2 samples, where we measure the same categorical variable within each sample and we want to know if the two groups are the same or different. So neither Chi squared test assesses the specific mathematical nature of the relationship, which is why I'm not classifying it under the narrower mathematical definition of "relationship" in the video.
@dileepchoudhary3733
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the explanation. 👍 Appreciate your efforts.
@severtone263
2 жыл бұрын
Beautifully explained Daniel. Thank you
@jyotipandey1495
3 жыл бұрын
Thank u sir u made it so simple to understand excellent presentation with explaination. Thank u too much
@Melissa_Official454
Жыл бұрын
One of the best explanations. Thanks much.
@smitatharkar6798
4 жыл бұрын
Great video, I understood the concept clearly.. thanks alot!
@sadiamira8957
3 жыл бұрын
thank you!! i need to use this info in my bio enzyme productivity analysis thesis!
@w.k7866
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you. Best explanation on youtube!
@specwraith5734
2 жыл бұрын
actually using this for my math IA. whish I saw this video when I was writing my Bio IA.
@danielm9463
2 жыл бұрын
Good luck!
@specwraith5734
2 жыл бұрын
@@danielm9463 thanks :)
@patriciakyledones461
2 жыл бұрын
Helpful for other fields of study as well
@naziya9967
3 жыл бұрын
Definitely I will make notes of this video.
@Ahmedishere_
3 жыл бұрын
This video helped me so much. I was struggling really hard with finding the right statistical test for my biology IA. Thank you so much
@gulmirakussaiynkyzy7134
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much for the simplest explanation
@albertsays2678
3 жыл бұрын
Cant correlation analyses deal with both continuous and categorical data? Cant we say that some categorical data have relationship to some continuousa data?
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
Absolutely. That sort of analysis doesn't happen in an IB Biology classroom, but in other contexts of applied statistics, what you describe is very common. It's possible for us to do a linear regression using categorical variables that we encode using 'dummy variables' that take on a value of 0 or 1. In multivariate contexts, we can even test for interactions between the variables by multiplying a categorical dummy variable by another independent variable that is continuous.
@danielm9463
3 жыл бұрын
And in many contexts where we do a linear regression, we want to look at how well the model fits the data. So we looks at R^2 values, etc. to evaluate goodness of fit.
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