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Chrček poľný alebo škrečok poľný, chrček roľný, staršie: chrček obyčajný, škrečok obyčajný (Cricetus cricetus) je druh chrčka a jediný druh rodu Cricetus.
Je často považovaný za poľnohospodárskeho škodcu a pre svoju kožušinu bol lovený. V celom areáli rozšírenia je považovaný za najmenej ohrozený druh ale vo viacerých krajinách je kriticky ohrozený.
Je to nočný alebo súmračný druh. Žije jednotlivo v komplexe podzemných chodieb. Buduje si aj vertikálne chodby, cez ktoré, v prípade nebezpečia, rýchlo prepadne. Živý sa semiačkami, strukovinami, koreňovou zeleninou, trávou ale aj hmyzom. Jedlo si zbiera do lícneho vačku a odnáša do vymedzenej miestnosti, skladu. Tieto zásoby môžu byť dosť veľké a môžu obsahovať celkovo 65 kg jedla vrátane 50 kg zemiakov a 15 kg obilia. Od októbra do marca hibernuje. Počas tohto obdobia sa každých päť alebo sedem dní zobudí a kŕmi sa zo svojich zásob. Sexuálnu dospelosť dosahujú po 43 dňoch a rozmnožujú sa od apríla do augusta. Tehotenstvo trvá 18 - 20 dní a vo vrhu je 3 až 15 mláďat. Tie sú odstavené vo veku troch týždňov. Dokážu sa rýchlo množiť.
Pri ohrození vydávajú zubami klepotavý zvuk.
Je zákonom chránený.
sk.wikipedia.o...
The European hamster, (Cricetus cricetus), also known as the Eurasian hamster,[3] black-bellied hamster[4] or common hamster,[5][6][7] is the only species of the genus Cricetus.[2] It is native to a large range in Eurasia, extending from Belgium to the Altai mountains and Yenisey River in Russia.[8] Where abundant the animal is widely considered a farmland pest, and it has also been trapped for its fur. Across its global range, it is considered of least concern, but in many individual Western European countries it is considered critically endangered.
Description
Skeleton
The European hamster has brown dorsal fur with white patches. The chest and belly are black. The tail is short and furred. It is much larger than the Syrian or dwarf hamsters, which are commonly kept as pets. It weighs 220-460 g (7.8-16.2 oz) and can grow to 20-35 cm (8-14 in) long with a tail of 40-60 mm (1.6-2.4 in). Its dental formula is 1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3.
Behavioural
The common hamster is a nocturnal or crepuscular species. It lives in a complex burrow system. It eats seeds, legumes, root vegetables, grasses and insects. It transports its food in its elastic cheek pouches to the food storage chambers. These may be quite large and may consist of a total of 65kg of food including 5kg of potatoes and 15kg of grain[9] It hibernates between October and March. During this time, it wakes every five to seven days to feed from the storage chambers. The adults reach sexual maturity when they are about 43 days old and breed from early April to August. The gestation period is 18-20 days and the size of the litter ranges from three to 15 young, which are weaned when aged three weeks. They are usually solitary animals.[9]
Distribution
It is typically found in low-lying farmland with soft loam or loess soils, although it may also inhabit meadows, gardens or hedges. It is found from Belgium and Alsace in the west, to Russia in the east, and Bulgaria in the south.
In captivity, the European hamster has an unusually long lifespan, living up to eight years.
The Court of Justice in Luxembourg, the European Union's highest court, ruled on 9 June 2011 that France had failed to protect the European hamster.[10] The court said that if France did not adjust its agricultural and urbanization policies sufficiently to protect it, the government would be subject to fines of up to $24.6 million.
Негізгі бет Common hamster - Cricetus cricetus - škrečok poľný (LG G4)
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