Penhall Technologies reviews the GSSI StructureScan™ Mini HR for concrete scanning
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In the GPR scanning process, radio waves are directed into the concrete using a transmitting antenna at a certain frequency. Since radio waves are a form of electromagnetic energy, this energy bounces off of buried objects such as rebar, post tension cables, pipes and conduits and are then captured by a receiver in the same antenna.
GPR scanning equipment contains software that can quickly and accurately interpret the radio waves. The key to this interpretation is two-fold; first, the strength of the signal reflection, or the amplitude, and second the two-way travel time of the radar pulse. It’s important to note that the two-way travel time is how the scanning equipment will determine how deep the objects are embedded in the concrete. Any object that reflects the signal is displayed real-time on the screen as the GPR equipment moves along. In some cases, it can even be determined if the object is metallic or nonmetallic.
Since the equipment uses electromagnetic pulses, the depth of the scan is determined by the electrical conductivity of the material being scanned. Material with higher conductivity will allow the radar to penetrate deeper. Conversely, material with lower conductivity will limit the depth the radar can penetrate. The amount of water found in the reflective material primarily determines how conductive the material will be. The greater the depth of the scan the less accurate it becomes. Because of this, GPR is often conducted using high-frequency waves that may only penetrate several feet into the concrete but offer a much higher resolution and a clearer image of what’s inside.
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