MONTESQUIEU, and separation of powers Constitutional Law, simplified.
During the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment, scientific discoveries weakened the Church's authority, and the divine monarchs' rule.
In France, many philosophers began to investigate the power of the monarchy, clergy, and aristocracy.
Rousseau argued for power to be shifted from the monarchy to the
people, Voltaire called for a separation of Church and state, and Montesquieu introduced the separation of the government powers.
Montesquieu said that the administrative power of a state, should be divided into three branches:
An executive, responsible for the administration and enforcement of laws,
a legislative, responsible for the passing, repealing, and
amending of laws
And a judicial, responsible for interpreting and applying the laws.
The separation of powers, ensured that no one administrative body could become all-powerful, since each power is separate and independent and, therefore will be able to restrict, any abuse of power by the others.
Montesquieu's separation of powers principle was influential worldwide. It formed a model for the new republic, Following the French Revolution, and became a cornerstone of the American Constitution, and the tripartite system, was included in the constitutions of most of the democracies around the world.
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