While consensus is itself not evidence, it is reached _through_ overwhelming evidence... so consensus represents the existence of that evidence. It's an important indicator of confidence to the general public who doesn't necessarily have the time or energy to learn the evidence. This video presents that evidence (at least some of it) and then states there is consensus based on that evidence. I'm not being unscientific. That's how science works! It's certainly acceptable for an expert in a field to reject consensus based on new evidence and present that evidence to the scientific community for evaluation. But, if you reject consensus outright on principle, then what you're _really_ doing is rejecting science as a whole.
@BrianPSlee
3 жыл бұрын
Hi Nick, I really love your teaching style. I don't disagree that consensus is an important part of scientific advancement but I do disagree with the premise that all of the evidence proves that dark matter exists. I would argue that what all this data actually proves is that the standard model is flawed at the most fundamental levels and that consensus in this case is preventing the breakthrough that leads to an actual understanding of the "physics" behind the observations. Cheers
@RedRocket4000
3 жыл бұрын
By expanding the definition of Dark Energy to include modified gravity theories, photons have mass below what we can measure folk, micro and or swarms of black hole ideas, and all sorts of minority but serious science camps is how consensus was made. Everyone agrees the effects occur but as the quest to find a particle involved in dark matter keeps failing over decades other approaches although in the minority have gained some steam. Modified Gravity not denying mass is involved it just postulating multipliers of visible mass that we can't measure on earth and this space/time curvature effect does not express in the way we would expect. Maybe not related but serious group is working on ways Back holes can be created without mass in part to solve the fact that galaxies and the size of their supermassive black hole are in a fairly strict ratio which should not be if both only created by matter coming together though gravitational attractions especially when in mergers the combined supermassive black hole loses a decent percentage of it's total mass in Gravity Waves when formed and thus should throw off the ratio of supermassive black hole to mass of combined galaxy but it does not. And Galaxies should run into differing amounts of the great hydrogen clouds of the void.
@snowthemegaabsol6819
3 жыл бұрын
^ This contains a misconception. That misconception is that dark matter is well defined. I don't blame anyone for thinking so, because even a lot of journals have unreasonably specific definitions as to what it is. But dark matter is not well defined. In terms of intrinsic and extrinsic properties, only 1 extrinsic property about it is known, and that is that it only interacts gravitationally. You can know everything about that one property as much as desired, but that's where all the knowledge is. It is not known whether dark matter is fundamentally compatible with the standard model, and given how well the standard model applies to pretty much everything else, it seems reasonable to stretch it to its limits before deciding that an entirely new category of science needs to come into existence. It could be something that simply hasn't been found, or it could be something new, no one knows, and the huge gap of knowledge regarding the subject, the logistical challenges of actually being able to find out which, and the amount of technological developments that need to happen before finding out even becomes possible, being able to say whether it should be treated as compatible with the standard model or not isn't something anyone is ready to say
@berarma
3 жыл бұрын
While dark matter seems to exist no one has been able to define what it is. It could be anything, even just an artifact to make calculations work. There's something we call dark matter but we don't know what it is, just what it does to our observations.
@andrepretorius4702
3 жыл бұрын
Can we at least call it for what it is. Unobserved matter, till we can find sensative enough instruments to correlate the data and maybe even observe something... That might be the antithesis and not the absence of matter.
@seanreese3314
3 жыл бұрын
Disappointed that the galaxies in the Coma Cluster were only moving "way too fast" and not "fast fast!"
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Dang it! Missed opportunity.
@rarra
3 жыл бұрын
I know not the same but there you go
@localverse
3 жыл бұрын
@@rarra Whoa how the heck you write that in?
@TheRABIDdude
3 жыл бұрын
I thought the exact same thing! Nice to see Nick has declared it a missed opportunity rather than a dead horse because I live for the catch phrases haha.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
@@localverse KZitem channel members get special emojis. (At the moment, is the only one I've made. I keep forgetting to make more.)
@Ghou1Lord
3 жыл бұрын
This is the first time I saw the CMB how it should be shown to non astrophysicist. Very nice!
@sadrevolution
3 жыл бұрын
I didn't realize it was the inside of a sphere projected onto a two dimensional surface until this video and I feel a little sheepish about it, tbh.
@livedandletdie
3 жыл бұрын
@@sadrevolution It's basically the Mollweide projection of the sky sphere. That particular image is from 2012.
@diamonx.661
3 жыл бұрын
So true, that 3d graphical representation really gets the point across
@invertedpolarity6890
3 жыл бұрын
Agree. I figured that it was something like that but this is the first illustration that actually gives the proper perspective and context.
@pontoancora
2 жыл бұрын
It's like I always knew, but only now I really understand.
@ploppyploppy
3 жыл бұрын
I love the fact that Nick takes the to explain anything he references. Rather than just throw in terms like 21cm hydrogen with a 'more about that later' caveat (which never arrives), he spends a few minutes explaining. Likewise whenever he refers to any measurement he explains how the measurement was taken. These videos just get better and better. On a sidenote I'd never seen that photo before showing dark matter separated from normal matter and therefore the gravitational lensing. Mind well and truly blown :)
@SimonClarkstone
3 жыл бұрын
To be clear: the red and blue blobs on the photo of the bullet cluster are an added diagram of the mass distributions; they weren't captured photographically.
@ploppyploppy
3 жыл бұрын
@@SimonClarkstone Yes understood thanks. What I meant was knowing that the two matters were separated and being able to see the effect of the dark matter was mindblowing.
@DarkMetaOFFICIAL
3 жыл бұрын
Do you have a citation for this comment tho 😂💙
@the_hanged_clown
3 жыл бұрын
I like taking the to explain too
@stefaniasmanio5857
3 жыл бұрын
Great teacher indeed!
@JCtheMusicMan_
3 жыл бұрын
I love that photo of Zwicky! That fits his description perfectly! “He is remembered as both a genius and a curmudgeon. One of his favorite insults was to refer to people whom he did not like as "spherical bastards", because, as he explained, they were bastards no matter which way one looked at them.”
@johncunningham4820
2 жыл бұрын
That's really good . I may use that myself .
@Patrick-zm3vi
2 жыл бұрын
Are you talking about Funtime Fritz Zwickey?
@melbournewolf
Жыл бұрын
my personal favourite fact about this learned man, that's a sense of humour!
@reinaldo3091
3 жыл бұрын
"I'm holding back here because this video is already too long" No, it's not! Your videos are awesome! They could be half an hour long, and i would be pleased to watch! Keep going with long videos!
@aroncanapa5796
3 жыл бұрын
Right, I would listen to 16 hours about dark matter
@timseguine2
2 жыл бұрын
Generally when creators say that, they are referring to the fact that videos longer than about 10 minutes get underpromoted by the algorithm and reach a smaller audience. The longer they get, the less likely they are to get recommended.
@loturzelrestaurant
2 жыл бұрын
@@aroncanapa5796 Random, but can i act on my hobby and recommend you some Science-KZitemrs?
@journeytotheinfinity440
3 жыл бұрын
What draws me about Nick is that contrary to the traditional approaches, he explains everything from historical contexts.. I don't know I might be alone in this mindset, but I think Historical perspective makes it clear why do we need such considerations in the first place and once one has understood the problem the rest of it is just a piece of cake ..In this approach One thinks through the problem and once they do, nothing seems falling from the sky... Thanks to Nick and his soulmate
@raj-m
3 жыл бұрын
Totally agree with you. It really makes things more clear.
@Breakfast_of_Champions
3 жыл бұрын
Agreed, following the macro genesis of knowledge helps the personal micro genesis of it.
@sarujanrupan4831
3 жыл бұрын
Yes
@imadetheuniverse4fun
3 жыл бұрын
Many textbooks have the historical context included as well! It's just that most students couldn't give a shit about it when learning. The thing about educational channels like this, is that people have to come here *voluntarily*. So by definition, the consumers of this educational content is biased extremely towards people who *want* to learn, versus the distribution you might get in your standard classroom.
@TheHumanHades
3 жыл бұрын
I completely agree too 😀. Otherwise we are just thinking that if Coulumb's Law and Gauss law for Electrostatic are equivalent then why do we study both 😂.
The break from the bit at 2:00 was cute and made laugh. I love seeing people be happy about silly jokes
@ericulric223
3 жыл бұрын
That dark matter separating out from regular matter in the bullet cluster was profound. I don't know yet to what degree but the concept left a strong impression.
@kobayashimaru8114
2 жыл бұрын
I agree that's an elegant idea. Not saying I'm convinced by it but it is beautiful and compelling.
@DiazJulioMario
2 жыл бұрын
What I don’t get is if dark matter doesn’t interact with the matter of the other galaxy how was it traveling with its galaxy in the first place.
@Rudxain
Жыл бұрын
@@DiazJulioMario *⭐MAGIC⭐* (ok probably gravity)
@AMITKUMARSHARMA92
Жыл бұрын
@@DiazJulioMario it doesn't interact with matter, but it does with gravity created by those matter.
@ephemera2
Жыл бұрын
The bullet cluster is a statistical outlier and is colliding at relativistic speeds. This should not be considered evidence for dark matter and only evidence of something. Dark matter has major problems. Not least of which is that not a single parameter that follows the inverse Square law actually follows the inverse Square law indefinitely. It's likely that our laws of physics lack the ability to model the truth. Even light emitted from objects in space doesn't follow the inverse Square law indefinitely once you hit 9.6 billion light years light starts to fall off as an inverse proportion instead of an inverse squared proportion. I would bet my life that CERN Collider will not discover a new particle. Scientists claim it will to get more funding and secure their jobs. More likely that the consensus reached among scientists is I want to secure living and want to keep my job. Mond is a simpler model. The only problem with mond is physicists claim anybody can add terms and fine tune the math but the same exact thing has to be done for dark matter. Terms need to be added to the dark matter model that determines the density/distribution of dark matter.
@legitgopnik8431
3 жыл бұрын
This video is very convincing in proving that there is a gravitational anomaly resulting in stronger gravitational attraction than currently predicted by general relativity. However I think it's an irrational leap to draw the conclusion and reach a consensus that this inexplicable anomaly is certainly caused by the presence of undiscovered invisible particles. With that said, the example showing dark matter separating from galaxy matter is somewhat persuasive...
@diablo.the.cheater
3 жыл бұрын
The thing is... that there are galaxies where there is no dark matter and so have no gravitational anomaly. So somo galaxies, have something with mass, aka matter, that we can't see, aka dark, that is creating a gravitational anomaly that other galaxies do not have, aka dark matter.
@thenumbernine
Жыл бұрын
Another interesting thing is ... a lot of these discoveries of anomalies were using Newtonian gravitation as their model. Heck, even supercomputer simulations on dark matter to date will only use Newtonian gravitation. So it's a bit of a bold claim saying that these discoveries are all beyond the prediction of general relativity.
@bjornragnarsson8692
Жыл бұрын
@@thenumbernine agreed. Actually it turns out that if you replace the Newtonian model with a GR model in an inhomegenous universe, the back reaction of the gravitational field with itself explains all of these phenomena - including gravitationally bound cluster galaxies. However, our evidence appears to point toward a homogenous universe. So unless that changes, the above wouldn’t be the answer.
@raj-m
3 жыл бұрын
Don't know how 16 minutes got passed. Loved your explanations and how you put the questions in between of the video.
@stapler942
3 жыл бұрын
This might be the most comprehensive while understandable to non-experts explanation of dark matter I've seen. :)
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks. 🙂 It was really important that this video turn out that way.
@_John_P
3 жыл бұрын
@@ScienceAsylum If Dark Matter's identity is finally pinpointed, what would be the possible applications if we could collect or produce it in large amounts?
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
@@_John_P I'm not sure what we could practically do with it. Also, by its very nature, it can't be contained. It just passes right through regular matter.
@BattleBunny1979
3 жыл бұрын
Let us know when Big-deal-clone starts his own channel! Def supporting that.
@livedandletdie
3 жыл бұрын
It will be a big deal...
@En_theo
3 жыл бұрын
@@livedandletdie One day Nic should deal with it.
@peterpike
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, dark matter exists. But when you ask, "What *is* dark matter?" the only answer anyone can give at this point is, "It's something with mass that we have no other evidence for except that it has to be there for our equations and assumptions about the nature of the universe to match our observations." At this point, we're basically positing, "There exists something and we don't know what it is, but it has this effect which we see." Sort of like inferring the existence of an electrical circuit when you only have the observations that flipping a switch over here causes a light to turn on or off over there, but without being able to see into the wall to know what the circuit actually is.
@paulmahoney7619
2 жыл бұрын
Currently a lot of research is trying to get a tight enough model so we can test it.
@LazyRare
2 жыл бұрын
@@brainderp808 how to warp time? i wanna fly
@billjoe5991
2 жыл бұрын
This explanation is also precisely why the video creator is being disingenuous when it comes to the representation of the question does park matter exist, because all of this evidence is only true if our models for gravity are correct. Although it’s a minority opinion, Modified Newtonian gravity is also an answee
@dgalloway107
2 жыл бұрын
Still havent proved it. If its everywhere, you can find it. End of story. And if thats not the end, then you admit a lack of knowledge that prevents dark matter from being taken seriously, BECAUSE YOU CANT FIND IT. Dark matter/ is the biggest scam the scientidic community propogates, all for the FEAR of having to rewrite our knowledge of physics.
@Chance57
2 жыл бұрын
@@billjoe5991 perhaps. Modified gravity is another explanation, but it has less predictive power overall than our standard model of gravity so why would we switch to it? Rule number one is never switch to a less powerful predictive model. That's just walking backwards. Not to mention the "modified" part is just kicking the dark matter can down the road.
@shelley-anneharrisberg7409
3 жыл бұрын
This was like a concise summary of a large part of my astrophysics undergraduate course - and made a lot of definitions and idea so much clearer! Nick, your videos just get better and better...There are so many great moments, but I love the photo you chose for Fritz Zwicky :D) (he was quite a character) and the thumbs up to Vera Rubin...And I am ashamed to say, I don't have a pocket HRD 😄
@TL-angzarr
3 жыл бұрын
I truly hope you realize how comprehensible you have made this subject to the average person. Bravo that is no simple feat. If only more educators had the gift you do.
@Ckamerad
3 жыл бұрын
I love how accessible you make these videos to people who have little or no prior understanding of astrophysics. I have recommended your videos to several HS educators I know. I love your work.
@modolief
3 жыл бұрын
This channel just keeps getting better and better. Bravo.
@BassandoForte
3 жыл бұрын
The only trouble with this is - Type 1A supernova have recently been proven NOT to be as constant in brightness as we thought... 👍
@paulstelian97
3 жыл бұрын
First off, sources? Second off, we still have other good sources. Due to the Universe expansion we still have a bit of an estimate of distance from how fast stuff is going away from us (we're not seeing true blueshifts for anything farther than some distance)
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, but that's a very new discovery. I would be skeptical of any physics announcement that isn't at least a year or two old. It's got to be put through the (scientific) ringer first.
@wrldai5573
3 жыл бұрын
Dark Matter is like the EA games of the Universe 95% of the content hidden away from the main game and getting a lot of grind and accomplishment to unlock it
@rottenpoet6675
3 жыл бұрын
Earth is a free user and not purchased any DLCs...once you pay, dark matter unlocks and u can progress on the story line :D
@bytefu
3 жыл бұрын
If EA games are dark matter, then World of Tanks is black hole singularity.
@brothermine2292
3 жыл бұрын
Sabine Hossenfelder's youtube channel has a couple of recent videos about problems with the theory of dark matter.
@alexvilonyay8597
3 жыл бұрын
Late to the show but it's worth the wait! Nick's been the best at simplifying such deep concepts
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! 🤓
@ingebygstad9667
3 жыл бұрын
First time I got a _real_ introduction on how to understand the CMB image. Thanks!
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
You're welcome! 🤓
@surgeeo1406
3 жыл бұрын
I love the fact that your wife is your producer.
@jjhhandk3974
3 жыл бұрын
To me the biggest proof are the few galaxies that have been found with almost no dark matter at all. That shows it’s probably not a faulty measurement , or a gap in the physics…
@Jobobn1998
3 жыл бұрын
Agreed. Those galaxies act as perfect controls for the theory of Dark Matter, and it totally holds up.
@99bits46
3 жыл бұрын
If they are not found with dark matter it means there is no dark matter?
@Jobobn1998
3 жыл бұрын
@@99bits46 No, what it means is that, using our understanding of gravity/relativity/angular momentum/etcetera, we see that galaxies seem to have "hidden matter." One idea is that there's a form of "dark matter" that doesn't absorb or emit light that still has mass, and thus accounts for the weirdness we see. The other option is that gravity/relativity/angular momentum/etcetera all works differently on these huge scales than what we thought. So, when we find galaxies that appear to have no dark matter, and then they behave exactly as our current theories of gravity/relativity/yadda yadda predict, that means that all those laws don't actually just function differently on those large scales, but that there is, in fact, invisible matter that permeates most (but not all) galaxies.
@ainternet239
3 жыл бұрын
Nice video, but I'd make one point: up until now noone's *discovered* dark matter, what they've discovered or observed is *evidence consistent with* a theory of dark matter. What it actually *is* is as yet unknown.
@bsadewitz
3 жыл бұрын
"Discovered" in this context is basically the same thing, I think. Evidence consistent with a theory of [x] is how most of science operates.
@jorgepeterbarton
3 жыл бұрын
Yep. First they may define dark matter. Yet there are many options of what type of particle it may be.... So if dark matter =? Then 'dark matter exists" = "? Exists" ? Exists. Its doing a thing very well. Yay for ? we saw what you do...i mean we speculate on what ? is but less what ? kind of does in one large range of a single force Going beyond 'stuff that could be many things' might stop more critical videos like Sabine's showing their "scientific heresy"
@Torlonus
3 жыл бұрын
I think part of the issue with people believing in dark matter is more the jump from "matter we can't see" to "matter that is more than 80% of the matter universe but you can see, touch, or interact with." Kind of sounds like "Oh yeah it's magical stuff that magically fixes all of our math problems but I can't show it to you. But you can trust me my uncle works for Nintendo"
@jaquessiemasz8650
3 жыл бұрын
Once again, the best explanation of a topic on the internet, found right here! Thank you Nick!
@apdaniels22
3 жыл бұрын
Been a long time follower, and this is my first time commenting. I cannot understate how much I appreciate these videos, Nick’s style of teaching, and his sense of humor. As an electrical engineer, I am definitely part of the target demographic and I am so impressed. I’ve also shared so many Science Asylum videos to others (including my wife). Hands down one of my favorite science channels. Keep up the amazing work!!!❤️🙏👊💥
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! 🤓 Glad you like my work.
@NateSchoonoversAdventures
3 жыл бұрын
That lensing around the bullet galaxy really helped me understand how we know that dark matter really isn't just black holes and unresolvable dust. You can see how the cloud of DM just passed right through, while the regular matter interacted slowing down. If the clusters' grasp on dark matter is so tenuous, how is the dark matter tied to the clusters at all?
@Andrew-zq3ip
3 жыл бұрын
I think the greater gravitational effect of the dark matter drags the regular matter along with it. In the case of the bullet cluster, those 2 dark matter globs will eventually recapture all that regular matter that got dragged out.
@Vasharan
3 жыл бұрын
Cold Dark Matter (the CDM in λ-CDM) in a galaxy does not have enough kinetic energy to reach escape velocity. However, in the case of two galaxies colliding, the dark matter may have enough existing velocity to hit the escape velocity of the new common center of mass, whereas the regular matter gets slowed down by friction and magnetic field lines, and does not (this is also why the regular matter gets superheated enough to shine in X-rays). EDIT: A bit of clarification, even if the dark matter doesn't hit escape velocity, it isn't slowed down by friction or magnetic fields, so it would overshoot the regular matter even if it will be eventually recaptured by gravity.
@obsidi2
3 жыл бұрын
There are a few galaxies that don't seem to have any dark matter. It possible that something like the bullet cluster happened in the past for those galaxies and that is why (although we don't know for sure). For instance, NGC 1052-DF2 apparently has no dark matter. Maybe this galaxy (or galaxies in general) after they lose their dark matter eventually get ripped apart by the gravitational or rotational forces that dark matter normally helps counteract. Maybe its somehow related to star formation (this galaxy hasn't formed stars in a long time).
@abhayshankar8762
3 жыл бұрын
It’s the other way around, I believe. There are vast webs of dark matter, and blobs of ordinary matter at certain nodal points.
@flamealchemy7964
3 жыл бұрын
The dark matter is shown on my profile pic, 50% more or less of everything appears dark. These are images of photon nucleation. Simply two photons giving birth to a baby one. I went deeper and things are moving so fast it looks chemical or fluidic but there is always matter, dark matter at least the precursors in the fluidic environment it appears to form out of.
@trucid2
3 жыл бұрын
I wouldn't be so quick to call it a win for dark matter. Sabine Hossenfelder makes a pretty convincing case for superfluid dark matter--a modification of general relativity.
@juegodynamics
3 жыл бұрын
I have my doubts about that video. For example, she claims that the Bullet Cluster is actually counterevidence for dark matter because “dark matter would cause too much friction” for it to travel so fast - but the entire idea of dark matter is that it doesn’t interact at all besides gravity. Plus it’s clear that the literal placement of mass is ahead of the collision - modified gravity doesn’t explain why the lensing occurs in those specific areas. One thing that neither Sabine nor ScienceAsylum point out is that we’ve found galaxies that have both “dark matter rotation curves” AND have flat rotation curves. This actually supports dark matter even more - presumably some galaxies have the presence of dark matter while others don’t. Sabine’s final approach, where “a phase transition requires different theories at different scales” actually fails on this point: since galaxies of the same scale can have different rotation curves, modified gravity can’t apply there; it’s best explained as dark matter being present or absent.
@JavierSalcedoC
3 жыл бұрын
I love how astronomers become some sort of "archaeologist" with the farther away the things they're studying are
@JamesDavy2009
3 жыл бұрын
More like "palaeontologist"-archaeology is the study of people in history through analysis of their artefacts.
@thelongwayhomeful
3 жыл бұрын
It is amazing that the fabric of space-time becomes less homoginized just so physicists can think up crazy laws and use more Greek letters.
@MidnighterClub
3 жыл бұрын
Great video. I've seen the Bullet Cluster used to explain dark matter before, and to me that's the most convincing. We can plainly see with telescopes that there's something there, even when there doesn't appear to be anything at all. It allows us to point to a picture and say "Right here, here it is." It doesn't get more obvious than that.
@doctormorbius6430
3 жыл бұрын
Nick is a scientist, not a writer, so I will cut him a little slack on his vocabulary. However, he does not explain how we "know" dark matter exists. He explains why we *infer* that it exists.
@ThatCrazyKid0007
3 жыл бұрын
Isn't that kind of nitpicking though? When do you declare we know something rather than just infer it from observation and data?
@XtReMz98
3 жыл бұрын
In regards to Rubin’s observation and cluster collisions, if dark matter interact through gravity and gravity only, why doesn’t it stack towards the center of galaxies and be bound to them when clusters collision occur?
@andrearaimondi882
3 жыл бұрын
Because it doesn't interact strongly or weakly even with itself. It's like a neutrino, but worse at interactions other than gravity. Yeah, it's THAT bad.
@j.f.fisher5318
3 жыл бұрын
regular matter would do this _more_ than dark matter because by interacting with other matter, it would slow down so gravity could capture it _more_ easily than it can capture dark matter - akin to how the thin edges of the atmosphere cause the orbits of satellites to decay by slowing them down through drag.
@XtReMz98
3 жыл бұрын
J.F. Fisher I did read recently that Voyager found that the electron density in interstellar medium is higher than predicted (0.13 particule per cubic centimeter as opposed to 0.03). Could we underestimate the amount of matter empty space actually contain between galaxies?
@donniewatson9120
2 жыл бұрын
You asked, "Which piece of evidence do you find most compelling?" My answer is, all of it. Each piece is, quite compelling. All of it together is, most compelling.
@BenjaminSteber
3 жыл бұрын
Vera Rubin is a big deal. People should know her name. She should have been awarded the Nobel Prize.
@geekjokes8458
3 жыл бұрын
i think the most convincing one is the bullet cluster because it shows that it *isnt* simply a case of gravity behaving differently (though the picture doesnt do it justice, its not very obvious that dark matter is there where you claim it is)
@geekjokes8458
3 жыл бұрын
and it also shows that it behaves in a really really really weird way
@Ascientistsjourney
3 жыл бұрын
9:56 I like how he totally ignores the species to which he belongs to and prioritises aliens over humans in that tiny bit of the pie chart.
@Secret_Moon
3 жыл бұрын
Only aliens may have a chance of contributing to that, if they're advanced enough to build things like Dyson sphere. Human is meaningless in the scale of space.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Well, we can see humans, so...
@ashwinleonard
3 жыл бұрын
I love this guy. We need his mindset and rigor in every school.
@GianniStella
3 жыл бұрын
those two galaxies merge-colliding, whose matter slows down to see their dark matter go on... it is just BONKERS..!
@Quadflash
2 жыл бұрын
I caught myself holding my breath as Nick unfolded the story. Going to view again to, hopefully, catch more than my breath. Now, dark matter is exciting!
@chaukeedaar
3 жыл бұрын
Award: This is definitely the physics channel I understand the most content :-D
@peterfaber7124
3 жыл бұрын
When the sun would disappear instantly, we wouldn't notice until 8 minutes later. So gravitational fields don't instantly change over larger distances. When 2 clusters collide, the matter in those clusters slows down. But the gravitational effects of those 2 clusters at larger distances, will continue to move at the same speed, won't they? So they get ahead of the 2 clusters at large distances. And thus their gravitational lensing effects seem separated from the 2 clusters. At least for a while until they "catch up". Wouldn't that gravitational delay explain it better than dark matter? That gravitational delay could explain what we see in rotation speed of galaxies too? Because it seems that all these calculations assume instant gravitational effects at all distances. That doesn't seem correct.
@PaulNike
3 жыл бұрын
+1
@SahilP2648
3 жыл бұрын
Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light so I would assume that's not the case. At least from my perspective we: 1. Either need to rework our understanding of gravity or at least gravity related to large bodies like galaxies 2. Or we need to see if a low density but very high number of gas particles sprinkled around in galaxies can account for it 3. Or if gravitational influence can create a chain which forms spirals with star systems furthest out traveling faster and farther than the ones inside (as seen in spiral galaxies) 4. Or there are a lot of small black holes inside most galaxies which we cannot see unless other visible masses get attracted toward them which can only happen with large black holes I don't know if point 3 can hold up with the bullet nebula though
@exhilex
2 жыл бұрын
The galactic collision most convinces me the existence of dark matter.
@Samien
3 жыл бұрын
One of the only channels that I don’t skip any parts of the video and watch all the ads! Onwards and upwards Nick 👍♥️
@MarioRugeles
3 жыл бұрын
To me gravitational lensing by dark matter is one of the craziest things out there in the universe.
@davidadams421
3 жыл бұрын
_Quantum Eraser Double Slit Experiment_ has entered the chat: I'm sorry, what?
@stefaniasmanio5857
3 жыл бұрын
Fantastic! So well done! Wonderful timeline! Thank you so much!
@LucasHutyler
3 жыл бұрын
The most compelling argument for me (before hearing about that CMB lambda-CDM chart) was the galaxies that do not have dark matter, which just so happened to be missing from this video.
@tonibat59
2 жыл бұрын
Yeah. that's true. Now, besides finding DM particles, we must also explain why sometimes, it's just missing !
@LordRaven256
2 жыл бұрын
Yeah this was it for me as well. If the rotational effect was just present everywhere, I would say: "Well, maybe our understanding of gravity is incomplete and there is another factor at work on a galactic scale." But then there ARE galaxies without dark matter, and suddenly all of our equations work as if DM didn't exist in the first place. This, for me, was the strongest hint that DM must exist.
@brendanmay9585
3 жыл бұрын
Smooth move with the was that "too snarky?" edit. Anyone who thought it was, is immediately disarmed.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks 🙂
@vijay_r_g
3 жыл бұрын
Nick,your videos are getting better and better each time.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@ktursts4088
3 жыл бұрын
13:47 prediction and measurement matching perfectly is so satisfying....
@DrDeuteron
3 жыл бұрын
well, it's a fit to some extent. The ratio was approximate, but the exact percentages are determined from that very observation. But chi2/DoF is nicely near 1, which is all you can ask for.
@majorgeneralrahul6298
3 жыл бұрын
Indeed
@dantespert86
3 жыл бұрын
Hey Nick, I would be crazy to think that some kind of Lagrangian points resulting from galaxies interactions could account for any of this "missing mass"?
@smokiedapoo2
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! I actually learned something today! I was skeptical about dark matter due to ignorance but this really clarified everything.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Glad I could help! 🤓
@CDXLIV444
3 жыл бұрын
The merging galaxies visualization is what made it click for me.
@Layarion
3 жыл бұрын
5:31 killed me with the "wtf is this?"
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
😂
@johnosullivan128
3 жыл бұрын
Great vid Nick. I can’t shake the idea that it’s our knowledge of gravity that is incomplete rather than there needing to be more matter. As this is a scientific theory with no evidence though, I will have to wait until later in the timeline…
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Experimental evidence has made it extremely difficult for MOND (modified Newtonian dynamics) to be reality. The number of hoops you have to jump through to make MOND work is ridiculous. Dark matter is simpler and matches the data better.
@zinglii
3 жыл бұрын
@@ScienceAsylum IIRC Sabine Hossenfelder made the case a couple of months ago that that's no longer valid when it comes to simplicity. Certain observations are better predicted with mond and others with DM. I think her argument was that there must be a phase transition between them.
@piotrkryska2973
3 жыл бұрын
AFAIRC Neil deGrasse Tyson used a term "Dark Gravity'. Covers both - 'Dark Matter' and 'we dont know hell about gravity yet' :)
@ky314
3 жыл бұрын
Dark matter may just be a way to explain a behavior of gravity that we don’t really understand. Too bad we don’t have an Einstein around to look at the problem differently.
@sonkeschmidt2027
3 жыл бұрын
We have plenty of Einstein's. But what we know has become increasingly more complex. You can't have individuals figuring that out anymore, it becomes a collective effort now and the biggest challange will be to coordinate those.
@SimonClarkstone
3 жыл бұрын
Or, if applicable, a new Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines instead.
@rtg_onefourtwoeightfiveseven
3 жыл бұрын
Oh, people have been looking for different solutions for a century. Check out MOND - a lot of research has been put into that by people smarter than you or I. The reason dark matter is the consensus and not MOND is because, even after a century of looking, there's just no way to modify gravity that fits the data anywhere close to as well as dark matter does. Quite simply, dark matter _works,_ modifying gravity doesn't for any modifications anyone has come up with.
@VoightComp
3 жыл бұрын
Zwicky has always been one of my heros of astronomy/astrophysics and now I have Vera Rubin. Thanks for the enlightenment. Also, I love the t-shirt.
@edog6770
Жыл бұрын
I want to give you props for the Doc Brown imitation/reference! Great job with the video and with your explanations. Whoever is editing deserves some props too. Makes the whole experience very enjoyable
@blaketindle4703
3 жыл бұрын
Excellent explanation of Dark Matter! You’re great at making complex subjects easier to understand!
@betazep
3 жыл бұрын
The two galaxies passing through each other and the dark matter continuing on is mind bending!
@hafizajiaziz8773
3 жыл бұрын
What do you mean by "... Alien, if they exist..." You have one (Milton) in your lab.
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
Fair.
@brunofandradecristiano4983
3 жыл бұрын
I think this is the best video already maded for non-scientists about dark matter. Neil should hired you for the next season of Cosmos.
@davorgolik7873
3 жыл бұрын
Nick, you are every time better and better! You summarized inventions that happened during my lifetime, and still I didn't realize their importance until now! Thank you!
@astralplane6182
3 жыл бұрын
This is the best video on this subject I have ever seen: concise, entertaining, and ties together numerous discoveries in an easy-to-understand and memorable fashion. Well done!
@kellymchenry3834
2 жыл бұрын
I love this guy him and his “cameraman” I mean wife lol they do a great job it’s all you want to know about a topic and he doesn’t take himself too seriously. They Makes it entertaining while you learn. I really enjoy your content. Thank you.
@hariharansankaran2403
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Nick. Best explanation of the evidence for dark matter. Thanks again.
@pavelm89
3 жыл бұрын
man you explain things so well its unbelievable, you will be a great teacher
@kakalimukherjee3297
3 жыл бұрын
4:32 I'd love to see a Bill Wurtz style jingle of that 🤣🤣🤣
@jwrosenbury
3 жыл бұрын
I'm not buying it. Modified gravity also explains the data to some extent. I'm not buying that either. We have searched for dark matter and not found it. If it were from large dark sources like dust clouds, planets, or black holes we would have found it. This could be because dark matter comes from some subatomic particles that don't interact with light. But if this is true, we need to discard the standard model of particle physics. (If there were more particles, the statistics of how particles interact would be measurably different.) Similarly, there is no single good answer for modified gravity. There could be several different modifications, but that seems unlikely or at least not elegant. Another possibility is that the laws of physics change with location. That's crazy talk, but not completely impossible. The only way to tell for sure is to go there and measure, which isn't going to happen. The correct answer is, we don't know. And it's one more scientists should adopt.
@jwrosenbury
3 жыл бұрын
@Albertinho Um ferro IMO general relativity is on shakier ground than the standard model. The standard model doesn't have all that pesky experimental data contradicting it. BTW, that gravitational lens data isn't as clear cut as it looks. It is within the bounds of experimental error. (Unlikely, but not out to 5 sigma as physicists like.) Still, my point is that the theories don't fit the experimental data. In science, when an hypothesis doesn't match experimental data we are supposed to reject the hypothesis, not the data. "I don't know." is a perfectly reasonable explanation in science. It should be used more often. Of course many "scientists" are atheists who substitute science for religion. This cosmological question is fundamental to their existential belief system. "I don't know" just isn't an acceptable answer religiously speaking. But I wish they would keep their religious beliefs out of my science.
@jorgepeterbarton
3 жыл бұрын
THIS I will joing your agnostic movement
@dirremoire
3 жыл бұрын
Why is it scientists today are so reluctant to say "we don't know"? Wasn't it Isaac Newton who said "I make no hypothesis?
@SciHeartJourney
3 жыл бұрын
😂 Thanks for breaking the fourth wall and giving a glimpse into how these COOL videos are made; he's has help; Great job to everyone at The Science Asylum! I want a wallet size HR Diagram for Christmas now :)
@AliothAncalagon
3 жыл бұрын
Great work as always! I also like the emphasis on the fact that even though scientists can take part in both, making wild guesses and in carefully deducting conclusions, there is a huge difference between both. Scientists are just as human as everyone else. They like to speculate, too. Nobody is 100% scientific all of the time. Thats why its important to keep in mind what is what.
@tjlambaes
3 жыл бұрын
After being confused about the cmb map for a very, long time, you are the first person to show it to me.
@markkettlewell7441
2 жыл бұрын
The bullet cluster really nails it for me. Once again a great video and fun explanations. If you had a TV show I’d watch it. I am a geochemist not an astrophysicist but the subject fascinates me. Do you have a PhD? What was the subject of your dissertation. I didn’t do astrophysics myself because of the math. Too hard for me, but the concepts you explain are well researched and compelling. Thanks from another crazy 😝😁
@ScienceAsylum
2 жыл бұрын
No PhD, but I have a masters. I didn't feel the need to specialize anymore after the masters. My thesis was on white dwarf stars 🤓
@markkettlewell7441
2 жыл бұрын
@@ScienceAsylum My masters thesis was on Oil shales in northern England and the geochemistry of fossilised bio molecules. I originally began a PhD but the department I was working in got closed so I settled for a Masters at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 🙂
@jaytolbert7538
3 жыл бұрын
Immediately read up on Vera Rubin. Yes. Everyone needs to know about her.
@nmccw3245
3 жыл бұрын
Yep - another overlooked Nobel Prize.
@SahilP2648
3 жыл бұрын
@@nmccw3245 is it really a nobel prize if you just put 2 and 2 together? Sure there are a lot of things involved in that but she didn't really invent a new formula or come up with anything extraordinary like some of the previous physicists have. I don't think the discovery itself is overrated but the act of finding it certainly is. Anyone could have done it quite literally. The reason she did it is just happenstance or luck, just like people get jobs luckily or unluckily die in car accidents.
@jameelarosetafoya2058
2 жыл бұрын
Love the hyperFINE TRANSition part
@Breakfast_of_Champions
3 жыл бұрын
I'd like to request an episode on the echo bubbles of the CMB, those are already mainly caused by dark matter as I understood? Can't find much comprehensible material about this topic.
@gregoryhall9276
3 жыл бұрын
One thing that always bothered me is the assumption of using brightness as a distance measure by assuming the inverse square law. As you point out, intervening mass can lens light...so how do we know the light hasn't traveled further and the proper distance is shorter than we measure? The leasing should make some areas brighter and others dimmer.
@GMPranav
3 жыл бұрын
The dark matter being seperated from the clusters was easily the most compelling for me, top tier animation as always as well!
@maitlandbowen5969
2 жыл бұрын
Terrific! Clearest and most succinct I’ve heard on the substantiation of the existence of the concept. 🌈🍃🍂
@loturzelrestaurant
2 жыл бұрын
Random, but can i act on my hobby and recommend you some Science-KZitemrs?
@user-bz7ct3iu3v
3 жыл бұрын
Ur videos are hilarious and so good, plus u explain everything in a nice neat way, u deserve a ton much more subs
@tubehellcat
3 жыл бұрын
OMG, that t-shirt.... 😂 Love it! 🖖
@cynodont7391
3 жыл бұрын
Nice indeed. A 'straight' line becoming the LGBTQ flag while passing through the US Space Force logo.
@JamesRedekop
3 жыл бұрын
I have that same shirt. Wil Wheaton designed it with Rich Stevens of Diesel Sweeties.
@kakalimukherjee3297
3 жыл бұрын
0:41 why does this guy's picture fit so well with his name? XDDD
@MTheoOA
3 жыл бұрын
Ahaha true
@MrSmokeey
3 жыл бұрын
great video, thank you Nick. however, while I'm thoroughly convinced that there's a gap between many of our measurements and what could be explained by observations of visible matter, I'm not at all convinced that the answer must be matter, let alone dark matter.
@diablo.the.cheater
3 жыл бұрын
There are galaxies that lack dark matter, and the measurements and calculations on those do work perfectly. Matter is just a catch-all term for stuff that interacts with all other stuff trough gravity one way or another.
@SahilP2648
3 жыл бұрын
I am thinking that the equations for gravity aren't correct for bodies of the scale of galaxies. The gravitational effect for example of our Sun extends halfway to the nearest star system to us, which also means that the star inside that star system has gravitational influence on our Sun somehow. If that's the case then we can form a long chain of loosely gravitationally affected star systems and/or clusters. And then just like a chain, the farthest away from the center would travel faster and farther than the ones in the center. This chain of gravitational influence might extend from the center to the furthest parts. And since gravity clumps everything together, it forms arms, or rather volume of high density and low density, similar to a wave.
@gp1216
Ай бұрын
I like how you checked the pronunciation of purcell
@mrjay516
3 жыл бұрын
Best video yet. First person to successfully explain what the cmb. Really looks like!
@Vikezupa
3 жыл бұрын
Question: does red-shift (or blue-shift?) occur as light leaves the dark matters gravity influence - where space-time warping isn’t as prominent? If so, and we didn’t understand it’s influence when the hydrogen marker was discovered, how do we know all previous interpretations accurately describe a body’s element make-up? Thanks!
@A_Stereotypical_Heretic
2 жыл бұрын
According to GR...if dark matter existed (which it doesn't) but If it did spacetime would be massively warped all around us, everywhere. If it warps spacetime enough to account for 80% of the matter in the universe, enough to govern the angular momentum of a galaxy, enough to hold them together, then it would warp it enough that almost everything we saw in the cosmos would be distorted and lensed. It isn't. We would also see large areas of complete darkness...or dimmed bodies beyond their expected luminosity...and though we do see voids it is now being shown that with enough magnification and exposure we see they're teeming with bodies and systems...and that nothing is truly dark. But that refutes dark matter doesn't it? Because if it is 80% of the mass in the universe, and it doesn't reflect or produce light, then in any inertial frame of reference large areas of it would be between us as a planet and other objects...but we don't see that...at all.
@A_Stereotypical_Heretic
2 жыл бұрын
Unless of course you think we can literally see through it...as in it's transparent...but then that wouldn't be matter would it? What were seeing is just the nature of spacetime. There is no reason to assume the fabric of spacetime behaves the same way everywhere in the universe. Gravity isn't a force...it's a product of geometry...it has no obligation to obey constants like real forces do. The sooner we just stop calling it a force and trying to force it to fit into that paradigm the sooner we can progress in that field of study.
@ScienceAsylum
2 жыл бұрын
@@A_Stereotypical_Heretic Actually, transparent is _exactly_ what dark matter is: kzitem.info/news/bejne/xKSZqaltonx2ZWk
@jlpsinde
3 жыл бұрын
I love the way you explain things in simple terms
@williammcguinness6664
3 жыл бұрын
Time is slowing down, that is what causes the illusion of dark matter and dark energy. When you look at stars you are looking into the past and see a quicker time zone
@dirremoire
3 жыл бұрын
Could be.
@kgangadhar5389
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this, This is the best explanation I came across in detail recently.
@GMan958
3 жыл бұрын
Is there at least a suspicion/hunch/gut feeling among scientists about what dark mattet is or is made of?
@tonywells6990
3 жыл бұрын
WIMP's (massive particles that don't interact via the electromagnetic force), MACHO's (undetected massive objects in galaxies such as black holes) , sterile neutrinos (massive version of neutrinos), Axions (extremely low mass particles that rarely interact with matter), supersymmetric or superfluid particles. WIMP's and MACHO's were quite favoured until recently and at the moment maybe Axions and other superfluid particles are the in-thing.
@tonywells6990
3 жыл бұрын
@@HiR0SHi.the.D0G Hexaquarks and other particles made up of more than 3 quarks would be destroyed by the intense radiation present after the big bang, so unlikely.
@Trip_Ts
3 жыл бұрын
could it be antimatter and matter collided residues?
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
We have a few ideas and lean toward one idea in particular. More on that in a future video.
@eljcd
3 жыл бұрын
Well, if scientists are guided now by gut feelings, I hope they cut down in burritos...
@badboy3211000
2 жыл бұрын
I got interested in the Cosmos because of NDT but Nick helps in breaking it down. You are truly appreciated! Great work!
@alternativeduck9920
2 жыл бұрын
Gotta say my favorite piece of evidence you shared is the Bullet Galaxy Cluster.
@LHSlash
3 жыл бұрын
Current state of the art: It exists, for sure. Unfortunately we don't know what it is. So we don't really know what exists... but something definitely exists
@ScienceAsylum
3 жыл бұрын
We know for sure that it's matter.
@albooga
Жыл бұрын
IDK about the most compelling, but the coolest has to be the bullet cluster
@JonStoneable
3 жыл бұрын
I like Vera Rubin's evidence, because I can understand the expectation, that the outer parts of a galaxy spin more slowly (as long as I don't think too hard about it), and I can see that the reality is strange. The Expectation vs Reality animation was excellent, and got me thinking about physics models in general. The temp vs angular size graph around 13:30, as well as some of the equations you showed, while I am grateful, I don't understand these, and so for all I know you could be yanking my chain. Thanks so much for your videos, they are excellent, exceeded only by your character/attitude
@XEinstein
3 жыл бұрын
Hmmmm, I remember a video of Sabine Hossenfelder where she explain that the Bullet Cluster is actually a problem to explain by dark matter. What do you think about what she says in that video, Nick? It's at 7:10: kzitem.info/news/bejne/lZWnsKSqsJuchZg
@j.f.fisher5318
3 жыл бұрын
she doesn't address gravitational lensing in the bullet cluster _at all_ and the "friction" she assumes dark matter would cause only applies to certain proposed types of dark matter - that is, only if dark matter interacts with matter and/or other dark matter, while if it was something that doesn't interact with other matter (and most theories that I've seen for dark matter explicitly assume that dark matter doesn't interact with other matter) then this doesn't apply.
@dubistverrueckt
3 жыл бұрын
@@j.f.fisher5318 She doesn't like (understand?) General Relativity, so she doesn't like dark matter.
@dirremoire
3 жыл бұрын
She hasn't a clue.
@peterj6740
2 жыл бұрын
@@dirremoire Dr Sabine is a particle physicist and changed her mind about dark matter on what she held for 20 years. She must have so expertise in that area . It goes to show the diversity of opinions in the scientific world !
@dirremoire
2 жыл бұрын
@@peterj6740 I agree with you. Over the past few months I’ve done some reading, and I have become a dark matter skeptic myself.
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