Delhi Air Pollution: आपके लिए कितनी खतरनाक दिल्ली की हवा? What is AQI level? (in Hindi)
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized system used to communicate the level of air quality and the potential health effects associated with specific levels of air pollution. The AQI is typically calculated based on the concentrations of major air pollutants, including:
1. Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10): Tiny airborne particles that can be inhaled into the lungs.
2. Ground-level Ozone (O3): A harmful gas formed by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.
3. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): A gas produced from combustion processes, primarily from vehicles and industrial sources.
4. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A gas released from burning fossil fuels, especially in power plants and industrial processes.
5. Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas produced from incomplete combustion.
The AQI is typically divided into categories that represent different levels of health concern. The specific breakpoints and categories may vary by country, but they generally range from "Good" to "Hazardous." Here's a general overview of the categories:
- 0-50: Good (Green) - Air quality is satisfactory, and there is little or no health risk.
- 51-100: Moderate (Yellow) - Air quality is acceptable; however, there may be a risk for some people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.
- 101-150: Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (Orange) - Members of sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart conditions, may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected.
- 151-200: Unhealthy (Red) - Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.
- 201-300: Very Unhealthy (Purple) - Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects.
- 301-500: Hazardous (Maroon) - Health warning of emergency conditions. The entire population is likely to be affected.
When the AQI is higher than 400, it is considered in the "Hazardous" range, and the air quality is extremely poor. This level of air pollution can lead to severe health problems for the general population, not just those in sensitive groups. Some of the potential side effects and problems associated with high AQI levels (greater than 400) include:
1. Respiratory problems: People may experience aggravated respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
2. Cardiovascular issues: High AQI levels can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems.
3. Reduced lung function: Prolonged exposure to hazardous air quality can lead to decreased lung function over time.
4. Worsening of pre-existing conditions: Those with pre-existing respiratory or heart conditions are at greater risk of experiencing exacerbation of their symptoms or acute health problems.
5. Increased hospital admissions: High AQI levels can lead to an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
To prevent symptoms and problems related to high AQI levels, consider the following:
1. Stay indoors
2. Use air purifiers
3. Keep windows and doors closed
4. Use masks: N95 or N99 respirators
5. Monitor air quality.
6. Limit driving: Reduce vehicle emissions by carpooling, using public transportation, or limiting unnecessary trips.
7. Avoid burning activities
To improve the AQI on a broader scale, government and community actions are necessary, including:
1. Reducing emissions from industrial sources and power plants.
2. Implementing and enforcing vehicle emission standards.
3. Promoting clean energy sources and energy-efficient technologies.
4. Encouraging the use of public transportation and reducing traffic congestion.
5. Planting trees and improving green spaces to help absorb pollutants.
6. Developing air quality management plans and responding to pollution events promptly.
Improving air quality is a complex and long-term endeavor that involves cooperation at local, regional, and national levels. Public awareness and advocacy for clean air can play a significant role in pushing for positive changes.
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