Excelent! It's so nice to find people this passionate about physiology. Thank you!
@VivekSirsPhysiology
4 жыл бұрын
Paula Pierini I don’t know if I replied to the comment previously, but yes, i do feel passionate about this subject. And, motivation from the students makes me take further efforts. Thanks for recognizing this dedication and devotion to the subject. Regards,
@m.kpatil8309
4 жыл бұрын
Had a difficulty in understanding this concept, now crystal clear thank you SIR ❤️
@marijoona
3 жыл бұрын
Sir in fowler's method, there is a phase 4 also which you have not mentioned which is from closing volume (cv) to residual volume (rv), in that concentration of N2 increases after remaining constant in phase 3,why does that happen sir?
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
Yes. I didn’t mention it because we are looking at the principle behind measurement of the ANATOMIC dead space. Alveoli in different regions of lung have different compliance. For instance, alveoli at the base are said to be more compliant. Hence, when the air goes in during inspiration, there would be uneven distribution among the various regions. Same pattern is followed during expiration as well (and we are measuring the expired volume). The more pliant alveoli would release their N2 first, and small airways in that region will close (therefore the term “closing capacity”) , and poorly compliant alveoli will continue exhale their air (N2), causing that sudden increase toward the end [Phase IV]. However, this phase nothing to do with the measurement of dead space, and it was not a part of Fowler’s original experiment. The dead space volume is measured by drawing a straight line, passing through that part of the graph where N2 is gradually rising , to reach the constant phase. [Reference: Fowler, Ward S. “Lung function studies . II. The respiratory dead space.” American Journal of Physiology-Legacy content 154.3 (1948): 405-416.]
@marijoona
3 жыл бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology Sir...,I just can't thank you enough, this was bothering me a lot, thank you!!
@confused_insaan
3 жыл бұрын
can you please suggest any video to explain the N2 graph? I am unable to understand that graph from Guyton.
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
@@confused_insaan That N2 graph was described in the other video (Fowler's method for measurement of dead space). Have a look; may be you will understand it.
@confused_insaan
3 жыл бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology thank you sir. Will definitely watch that video.
@ela5720
4 жыл бұрын
Great explanation! I have an exam in a few days and this really helped, thanks!
@s.estherjebaprisilla106
2 жыл бұрын
Very well explained. My confusions were solved. Thank you so much Sir
@pamelachua2651
4 жыл бұрын
Glad I found this video, very clear and easy-to-understand explanation!
@benjaminjack867
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for clearing this up!
@drsudheerbhardwaj6716
2 жыл бұрын
Best physiology teacher for making concepts in physiology subject , as it is the base for whole medicine , pharma . Thanks sir
@VivekSirsPhysiology
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the comment. Regards,
@zeinabalaylimedlife3456
Жыл бұрын
Very interesting explanation. Thank you !
@martinvrzdiak3935
Жыл бұрын
well done !
@Student.doctor
2 жыл бұрын
Hats off you sir you just explaned in amazing way🙏♥️
@amoxyzzz
3 жыл бұрын
This is one topic which needed your video! Thanks sir for this wonderful explanation 👏🙏
@srinivasaraojakkula9474
4 жыл бұрын
U are just amazing sir please keep uploading more and more videos
@alexeldarzi7071
2 жыл бұрын
amazing explanation im so glad i found this
@nahomdirar2037
Жыл бұрын
bless you man!!
@krishnalal9965
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks sir. Now my all doubts all Cleared.
@MajidMDWar
3 жыл бұрын
Ahh man hats off 🙌 Thank you
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks a million..! Regards,
@cricket4759
3 жыл бұрын
Very succinct -thank you for Fowler - very clear
@nitishgoyal5143
4 жыл бұрын
Amazing concept
@soumyadeepmanna4852
4 жыл бұрын
A great video..... it's very helpful for me to understand the topic very well... thanks sir😇
@jinheekim1422
2 жыл бұрын
thank you for the amazing explanation!
@bublisoniyak6227
2 жыл бұрын
Thankiyouus sir! 🎉🙌
@anshuagrawal8355
3 жыл бұрын
Best explanation 👌👌
@Glioma-uw2zz
4 жыл бұрын
Excellent
@056_faizathasni3
4 жыл бұрын
Very helpful sir. Thank you very much
@thamariwickramanayaka8276
3 жыл бұрын
Thank u sir🤩 Got the concept clearly. 👌
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
Welcome..! Sincere regards,
@snehajeetchoudhury1319
3 ай бұрын
Very nice and informative video it was sir!!! ❤
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 ай бұрын
@@snehajeetchoudhury1319 Thanks…!
@shreyaray5500
4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! This was extremely helpful
@luigibarilone61
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you very professional, extremely helpful, great explanation. Thank you, really. Medical student from Italy.
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
It's great to know that the video content is found to be useful by the students. Thanks for the comment. Ask doubts, if any... Regards,
@mayaraafat
3 жыл бұрын
very clear explanation, simply wonderful. thank you!!
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the comment, Regards,
@tejaswininagaraj5455
4 жыл бұрын
Tq so much sir it's really clear explanation
@plcdatvl
3 жыл бұрын
thank you so much, it's helpful
@084megalathangaraj9
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much sir❤❤❤🙏🏻
@anabiya5009
Жыл бұрын
Thankyou sir
@keerthim3203
4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much sir! This was very helpful. Please keep uploading more videos ☺️
@VivekSirsPhysiology
4 жыл бұрын
Yes. More videos will come up, explaining concepts. Thanks, Regards,
@nikhilhumane5540
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks I was struggling with this
@nagarajan2497
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much sir
@nerdyneuron992
3 жыл бұрын
Nice
@heloisemathew3490
4 жыл бұрын
Very nice, concept clear explanation sir🙂🙂, sir can u please make video on limbic system physiology...
@VivekSirsPhysiology
4 жыл бұрын
HELOISE MATHEW Yes ok. But some other topics are pending; the topics demanded by the students/viewers. So, i shall record and upload them first. Regards,
@heloisemathew3490
4 жыл бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology Thank uu sir🙂
@farhinbarlaskar9182
3 жыл бұрын
Sir please try to upload all the lectures of physiology....we will be really very grateful to you
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
Ok. Right now I am going by the topics suggested by the students. It will cover a lot of ground. Theory and then practicals as well. Regards,
@farhinbarlaskar9182
3 жыл бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology okay sir Sir your lectures are amazing
@farhinbarlaskar9182
3 жыл бұрын
Sir please try to upload a lecture on regulation of CVS
@VivekSirsPhysiology
3 жыл бұрын
"Treasures & Secrets in Physiology" Ready to Study , NEOCORTEX PHYSIOLOGY NOTES are LIVE NOW on Official Website : www.physiologyguru.com/notes-2022 You can Purchase NOTES pdf with Ultra Shorts VIDEOS for better explanation by Author Dr. Vivek Nalgirkar Get 75% off on Every Notes Download First FREE Chapter : NEOCORTEX PHYSIOLOGY NOTES - www.physiologyguru.com/notes-2022?store-page=NEOCORTEX-PHYSIOLOGY-NOTES-BLOOD-p444248656 Also Follow us on social media : Instagram link : instagram.com/vivek.sirs.physiology/ Facebook link : facebook.com/VivekSirsPhysiology Telegram link : t.me/VivekSirPhysiology Quora link : viveksirsphysiology.quora.com/?invite_code=78ZBTkPc8RBuWmhwtqD7 Website : www.physiologyguru.com
@BS99718
4 жыл бұрын
For Bohrs Method, if there is alveolar dead space does this mean the arterial C02 partial pressure is greater than alveolar CO2 partial pressure or does this mean to maintain equilibrium more CO2 has to move into the functioning alveoli? And if more CO2 moves in to functioning alveoli why does the concentration of expired CO2 decrease?
@CristianoRaashid77
4 жыл бұрын
If there is alveolar dead space, less co2 is moved out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli. Thus the conc of co2 in artery is greater and the conc of co2 in alveolus and thus in expired air is less.
@aadarshannadurai3874
8 ай бұрын
Thank you so much for your explanation sir❤😊
@VivekSirsPhysiology
8 ай бұрын
Welcome...!
@jtepesDI
4 жыл бұрын
THANK YOU!!
@DaherAdam1995
5 жыл бұрын
amazing!
@chelsiyadav6181
2 жыл бұрын
Sir plz confirm ... about Paco2 is alveolar CO2 partial pressure or arterial pco2
@chelsiyadav6181
2 жыл бұрын
Sir...okay ...it's arterial ... actually in marrow it's mentioned as alveolar air ......in bohrs formula.....btw you explain perfectly ... thank you so much sir I just love your explanation 🙏🙏
@VivekSirsPhysiology
2 жыл бұрын
It is the arterial PCO2. We are looking for the alveolar dead space. Let’s assume that there are only two alveoli in the lung (just for the sake of explanation). If both of them are functioning normally, it means, both have normal blood flow and the CO2 in the pulmonary blood will be delivered into both the alveoli. Remaining CO2 will go to left side of heart and from there, it will go to arterial side. This is arterial CO2. Now, imagine only one of the two alveoli is functioning. The other one is non-functioning, means, alveolar dead space. So in this case, CO2 in the pulmonary blood can be delivered in only one alveolus which is functioning. It means, more amount of CO2 will remain in the blood and will go to the left side of heart and then to the arterial blood. This time the arterial blood will have more CO2 (because of the fact that there was functional dead space in the lung). Thus, it is the arterial PCO2 that tells us about the alveolar dead space.
@sallychan5551
2 жыл бұрын
Why can't the 100% O2 displace the nitrogen & CO2 remained in the alveoli during inspiration while it can displace the gas in the anatomical dead space?
@VivekSirsPhysiology
2 жыл бұрын
CO2 is heavier than N2 and O2. And, N2 is bigger compared to oxygen. Hence, oxygen will not be able to displace them. During normal breathing , CO2 from pulmonary blood replaces O2 of the alveolar air. Second, it’s just a matter of one single breath whereby 2-3 seconds of inspiration will be immediately followed by exhalation. So, at the most it can create mixture with N2 and CO2 (rather than displacing them). Finally, this method is not an absolutely ideal one. It ‘assumes’ that the airways and alveoli are two separate compartments (and the air in these two compartments does not get mixed). first part of the exhaled air, coming out of dead space, should contain O2; and, later part should contain N2 (coming from alveoli). However, there is some mixing of alveolar air (and its N2) into the dead space air that is coming out as first part of expired air.
@khopeyourhope7288
Жыл бұрын
Few unclear things. If could kindly clarify please. Why alveolar air is said to be 350 ml? It's said 150 ml in anatomical dead space but what about the previous cycle air in dead space ? For example. I am inhaling 500 ml as tidal volume ,150 ml is in dead space already so I am taking 500 ml to alveoli. Wrong to say 350 ml. After exhalation dead space will have air with high partial pressure of CO2, now when inhalation happens this air will go in alveoli but there will be no or less diffusion of Co2 as of high PCo2 so EFFECTIVELY 350 ml will participate but actually air entering alveoli is 500 ml. If we consider dead space after inhalation, It's like (150 old + 350 new) total 500, air entering alveoli and new 150 in anatomical dead space. Thank you
@VivekSirsPhysiology
Жыл бұрын
Tidal breathing has 500 mL of inspired air, and 500 mL (same amount) of expired air. First 150 mL of expired air is coming out from the dead space, and it is the last part of the inspired air. Now, since total tidal expiration is 500 mL, it means after the 150 mL came out, 350 mL will have to come out. And this 350 mL is coming out of the alveoli. If last part of this cycle were to remain in the dead space (because expiration has finished), then the tidal expiration would not be 500 mL; it would be less. Also, if the dead space contained some expired air of previous cycle, with high PCO2, and if this air travels back to alveoli, then there is no reason why CO2 will not diffuse from alveolus back to pulmonary blood, as CO2 is almost 20 times more diffusible compared to oxygen. (Continues in the next reply….)
@VivekSirsPhysiology
Жыл бұрын
If some amount of air , from the previous cycle, were to remain in the respiratory tract, and we go on adding new air with each cycle, then air will keep getting added into the respiratory system. Respiratory system has a finite capacity to hold the amount of air. Finally, coming to the point. Inspiration and expiration cannot be equated in these terms (if last part of inspired air stays in the passage, then last part of the expired air should also stay in the dead space? No. That’s not the case.) At the start of inspiration, alveolar pressure is about - 1 cm H2O (and atmospheric pressure zero). So, air inflow starts. As the inspired air starts reaching alveoli, alveolar pressure rises, from - 1 cm H2O to zero. At this moment, the process of inspiration stops, and hence some of the inspired air could not reach the alveoli. However, when expiration starts, the alveolar pressure rises to + 1 cm H2O. So now the air will start moving out, and this pressure difference (alveolar + 1 and atmospheric zero) will be able to expel the 500 mL air completely out of the respiratory system (150 from passage and 350 from alveoli).
@khopeyourhope7288
Жыл бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology Thank you for your reply and taking time for it.. appriciate your kindness. Your reply states two points, I would like to counter them. 1. Expiration volume is becoming less than inspiration so volume will keep adding up in lungs. Reply: my point is 500 ml is going in alveoli, 350 new air that is participating in gas exchange, 150 old air but that old air is not participating as of high pco2 and low po2 in it. Now this 500 ml is a new mix. No new no old, as lungs recoil, total 500 ml needs to go out. this will push the 150 ml dead space air out first, and then 350 from alveoli and then 150 of alveoli mix will be new dead space with high pco2. So going out is also 500ml from alveoli so 500 in and 500 out, so no question of adding up of any volume in lungs. So from my understanding, anatomical dead space will have different composition after inhalation and exhalation. If i take that point that after expiration there is no Co2 in anatomical dead space, then if after a normal expiration, I actively exhale small amount of 150 ml , it should have no CO2 ??? I think I should test with lime water to clarify the point then. 2. Co2 will go back to pulmonary blood. Reply: In inspiration or expiration of 2 -3 seconds, since mouth to alveoli is one chamber, Gases movement will keep happening on a continuous basis between this chamber to blood capillaries to achieve equilibrium, gases movement in alveoli is very fast by diffusion as of large surface area and in above part of respiratory tracts will be slow but not nil. Whatever equilibrium can be achieved in those few seconds, system will try to achieve that before starting a new cycle. Purpose is to introduce O2 and reduce Co2, which is being achieved. Major force is pressure gradient achieved by neuromuscular coordination... whatever time frame is there for inspiration or expiration, the gases flow and mixing is continuous and gases works towards equilibrium and achieve whatever is possible in that time frame of inspiration or expiration. We have to calculate the air composition at a certain point. My view is after expiration, anatomical dead space will have CO2 level lesser than alveolar volume and higher than atmosphere. There will be and should be gradient fall of co2 from alveoli to dead space to atmosphere. I am still not getting how alveoli air has 5.3 % co2 , expired air has 3.6 % co2(Guyton and hall figures) and dead space which is in between them has almost nil co2. Thank you much for taking time to read.
@VivekSirsPhysiology
Жыл бұрын
@@khopeyourhope7288 I'll reply later in detail. Just wanted to mention one little point. Guyton & Hall mentions disadvantages of dead space - one for inspiration, one for expiration. For expiration, it says, all the 500 mL of expired air is not coming from alveoli; 150 mL is coming out of the dead space and only 350 is coming out from alveoli. This, he says, is a disadvantage in the conditions of gas poisoning. If a poisonous gas is in blood, and is to be removed via exhaled alveolar air, not 500 mL but only 350 mL can be removed in each breath. Removal of the (hazardous) gas (from blood) thus becomes little slow. More replies will follow later...
@sayedhashim6612
5 ай бұрын
Legend!
@VivekSirsPhysiology
5 ай бұрын
Thanks…!
@EcedenisDenis-zy1oe
10 ай бұрын
Couldnt focus cuz of nam nam voice
@VivekSirsPhysiology
10 ай бұрын
Ok. I’ll record it again with a clearer and better sound quality. Thx.
@EcedenisDenis-zy1oe
10 ай бұрын
@@VivekSirsPhysiology no no noo i was joking 😃 i love the lesson and it's really helped me just maybe you can be more careful about ur future lessons
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