Developing the ‘Totalistic Identity Theory’ for cults and extremist groups
(Rod Dubrow-Marshall, Ph.D.)
Research previously presented (Dubrow-Marshall and Martin 2008) has articulated the ‘Totalistic Identity Theory’ for cultic and extremist groups whereby it is advanced that members identity structures are largely dominated and fixed on the cult identity at the expense of many or all other levels and categories of identity and in a polarized or differentiated position in relation to other groups and society at large. This theory (Dubrow-Marshall 2007) is an extension of traditional social psychological theory on group identity (e.g. Turner’s (1987) Self-Categorization Theory). Analysis of former cult members from the Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center in Ohio (Dubrow-Marshall & Martin 2008) has also shown a clear relationship between aspects of psychopathology and extent of identity with the group, thus providing evidence that a totalistic or polarized identity structure is harmful for group members.
This paper presents further analysis from the Wellspring sample advancing further a model for the specific psychopathology of former cult members. This analysis points to additional evidence for the ‘Totalistic Identity Theory’ and in particular aspects relating to the polarized identity position and its relationship to overall psychological well being and the perception by current group members of non-group members and the rest of the world and the behavioural correlates of such perceptions. The theory also points to and supports strategies for depolarization and de-identification with extremist groups and approaches to preventing initial recruitment to them.
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