The coelacanth is just biding its time maneuvering and sheltering in complicated caves waiting for the next meteor to open up a myriad of niches.
@wiktor9195
2 жыл бұрын
xD
@anthonygordon9483
Жыл бұрын
Right now there are only a few places in the world that coelacanth exist. It would be nice if scientist took a few offspring and put them in a different environment where possibly they could evolve a little bit better. After all the environment can make or break a evolution chain. Does it need salt water ? What if you put them in a reservoir, or great lake or something? Neanderthals were stuck in evolution due to living in more hostile enviroments where survival made it hard to evolve. This could be the same with coelacanth . Just interesting questions to know.
@SKy_the_Thunder
3 жыл бұрын
I think you could use crocodiles as a similar example. Their "peak" isn't as narrow as the ceolacanth's by far, but a bit easier to grasp I think. Pretty much all species alive today are stuck in the niche of ambush predators in shallow overgrown water. Without a huge breakthrough adaptation, anything else is for the most part too inefficient or they're being outcompeted by others. Their limbs aren't well suited for hunting on land - while some species can run surprisingly fast, they're not agile enough for most prey animals which are adapted to much more nimble predators. And without water to push off of with a swimming motion they can't produce the explosive acceleration necessary for ambushes. And any adaptation for better legs would be a waste of nutrients and likely get in the way of their regular hunts. On the other end, moving their ambushes into deeper water would deprive them of the prey drinking in the shallows. They would have to hunt under water, where they are at a disadvantage against fish that don't have to reveal their location and get air ever so often. And then there's the free-swimming niche, which again they're poorly adapted for; their rough skin (which works well for camouflage for ambushes) and legs cause unnecessary drag and they're inferior swimmers to most fish. Still probably the most plausible transition and I believe some species have a tendency towards that. So now they're stuck in that rough niche that their ancestors have been occupying for ages.
@wiktor9195
2 жыл бұрын
yep indeed
@ashnorton4465
3 жыл бұрын
I really enjoyed the longer video format. I can definitely understand why you like this topic so much. It's truly fascinating!
@oldnelson4298
3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant video and excellent answer to the question! It's a crime that you are not getting more views!
@ewegg1271
3 жыл бұрын
Never heard about fitness landscapes before, so fascinating. I'm in my final year before university and have been planning to study environmental science. More recently, however, a combination of this channel, Bret Weinstein's podcast, and reading the selfish gene has made me reconsider. Perhaps evolutionary biology...
@1943vermork
3 жыл бұрын
Btw, fitness landscape can be applied to different fields like, economics, management, energy generation, consumption, marketing, product popularity, transportation. It’s almost endless if you dig deep.
@ylhajee
3 жыл бұрын
@@1943vermork I guess any field where you deal with optimization problems right?
@1943vermork
3 жыл бұрын
@@ylhajee optimisation, yes but optimisation can lead you into a dead end too. Take the Kodak company restlessly improving its film chemistry but not seeing the digital potential. Sometimes companies are blind like evolution is.
@atifa.hameed5091
3 жыл бұрын
This is awesome, Jon. Thank you!
@An0nim0u5
3 жыл бұрын
Great question and great explanation.
@grantpritchard7492
3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating! Fitness landscapes are now my new topic for learning.
@a787fxr
3 жыл бұрын
That's a good explanation and a great video. I discovered that fish in school ( 1968) and it ignited my curiosity. Coel Can. !:- )
@theosib
3 жыл бұрын
This is kinda like how there was Ancient Greek and there is modern Greek. We still call them both Greek, but it’s changed a lot.
@1943vermork
3 жыл бұрын
Loved this long explanation
@ericvulgate
3 жыл бұрын
i have been thinking about convergent evolution for some time, but not knowing the proper terminology i've been calling these fitness peaks 'archetypes'- as a description, not a goal. i think the shapes we see a fitness peaks- say the shark shape, is going to be replicated uncannily if we find life on other worlds living in similar conditions. i hypothesized that exo-biology would look strikingly similar to forms we are already very familiar with here on earth. now i finally know the terminology to look for more information. thank you!
@numericalcode
Жыл бұрын
Great thought experiment and visualization!
@PortCharmers
5 ай бұрын
The dude walking his fish at 5:45 looks a lot like Prof. Hans Fricke from Munich, who was diving in a little submersible near the Comoro Islands in 1987. He and his team were the first scientists who saw this fish alive in their natural habitat.
@martinnyberg9295
11 ай бұрын
2:26 That video is so cool. It suggests that the way most modern quadrupeds (other than camels, giraffes and Icelandic horses 😁) move their limbs was already perfected by the common ancestor with the extant lobe-finned fish. Left front and right back together, and vice versa.
@jimperry6463
Жыл бұрын
Very interesting. Thank you.
@Subfightr
3 жыл бұрын
I love these so much. Thank you as always
@ImpactoJonathan
3 жыл бұрын
John I think your video can be used in example for making the case in favour of the term living fossil. Language is such a flexible medium, and even when semantically inaccurate it should ultimately be about accessibility in communication. I think the term living fossil is good for it's general appeal and it served as a great set up for this educational exploration of coelocanths! Darwin's no dummy! Anyways thanks for another excellent Evolution Answer and your interesting speculations :)
@bitffald
3 жыл бұрын
This video is so extremely cool!
@PabloSanchez-qu6ib
3 жыл бұрын
Fitness landscape. I now know the name I'll give my gym if I ever start one. Can someone draw a weightlifting coelacanth.
@sofia.eris.bauhaus
3 жыл бұрын
tfw you skip lobe day
@kffioghk
3 жыл бұрын
It was fantastic!
@kffioghk
3 жыл бұрын
And super informative, of course!
@StatedCasually
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Share it as far and wide as you can. I need to get this channel more viewers. I'd love to be able to justify doing more of these.
@kffioghk
3 жыл бұрын
@@StatedCasually I don't have many friends who can speak and unferstand english well, but i will do my best Jon!
@sofia.eris.bauhaus
3 жыл бұрын
the coelacanths may not have evolved so much, but look at the LANDlocanths!
@dongeonmaster8547
3 жыл бұрын
The speciation thought experiment was well done. I have been thinking recently about speciation among canids as an example of evolution. How some canids such as dogs, wolves and coyotes can still breed successfully with each other because their speciation is relatively recent while the canids just mentioned could not breed with a fox or I suspect a bush dog or raccoon dog. I would be curious to know which canine species could or couldn't breed together and why, evolutionarily speaking. Maybe a video you could tackle some day down the road. Keep up the great work I love and appreciate your channels.
@castlesandcuriosities
2 жыл бұрын
Ah man, wish I had seen this before Steve and I recorded our response for the next video... think we did ok though 😁
@chapeudealuminio4866
3 жыл бұрын
Oh, boy! Click bait title! I'm fished!
@2RANbit
9 ай бұрын
If you look at it closely, you may notice that there are features in its body plan that do not fit the expectations of the bodyplans of the first, primitive Amphibians. Has anyone seen an amphibian with a dicerphic tail and dorsal fins? And then the position of the eyes in the skull. Tiktaalik looks way better in that aspect - if its recontruction is reliable...
@behrensf84
3 жыл бұрын
I liked this video. I learned something new today!
@christianskeptic6204
3 жыл бұрын
Hey Jon! Could you help me wrap my head around fitness landscapes and phenotypic stasis? The hypothesis that attempts to explain why phenotypic stasis occurs in coelacanths and other taxa is that these taxa are somehow stuck on a fitness peak. But doesn't this imply that the fitness peak does not change? Is this possible? Is there any evidence of a static fitness peak? It's difficult for me to think of scenarios in which fitness peaks do not change. Specially when other taxa around the taxon in question are evolving and thus changing the food source, competition for resources and predators of the taxon in question. If fitness peaks are never static, then wouldn't it be incorrect to think of the coelacanth is "stuck on a fitness peak"? Hope this makes sense. I mentioned elsewhere how much I love your content. Keep it up!
@StatedCasually
3 жыл бұрын
In the case here, it seems to be maneuverability that gives the species an edge. Notice that their teeth, body size, brain size, diet, preferred depth has changed a lot, but superficial body shape is maintained. The larger landscape has changed significantly, but selection to maintain that shape has not.
@christianskeptic6204
3 жыл бұрын
Hey Jon! Great stuff! One hopefully helpful correction: the comparison of ancient coelacanth vs. extant coelacanth and raccoon vs. dog is oranges to apples. Raccoons and dogs belong to different families while M.lewesiensi and extant coelacanths belong to the same family. A better comparison would be an extinct member of the Canidae family like hesperocyon and extant canines like gray wolves or dogs! Again, great work!
@hamanime
3 жыл бұрын
12:30 couldn't it be possible, that the falcons will split and one part will go 2 and another part will go 5? 14:30 why do we need physical barriers?
@StatedCasually
3 жыл бұрын
If the population is breeding in a well-mixed way, they will all evolve in one direction together. To get a split, you need to stop gene flow from one group to the other.
@hamanime
3 жыл бұрын
@@StatedCasually Your answer makes sense, thank you.
@ansfridaeyowulfsdottir8095
3 жыл бұрын
I had no idea coelacanths were so big! {:-:-:}
@rohinivinnakota4393
3 жыл бұрын
Nice video
@bengreen171
3 жыл бұрын
great video. I would say that if he's British, I suspect Sewall is pronounced Siual - if that makes sense ( I don't know the phonetic alphabet). Slightly double syllabic as in the American "y'all". edit - I think there was a general in the American Civil War called something like Buell that mirrors the pronunciation.
@williamoldaker5348
3 жыл бұрын
Where did you get your Tiktaalik figure?
@StatedCasually
3 жыл бұрын
Palaeoplushies is the name of the company but I don't know if it's still around. It was just one woman doing it, Rebecca Groom.
@eightcoins4401
4 күн бұрын
TL;DR: It evolved, just only minimally
@pansepot1490
3 жыл бұрын
So, when a species get stuck in a valley of the fitness landscape it ends up getting extinct?
@CMZneu
3 жыл бұрын
Not necessarily, as long as it's niche is there chances are it will survive and specialize even further outcompeting any possible competitors.
@baconsarny-geddon8298
3 жыл бұрын
It'd be highly unlikely to get a whole species in a valley, to start with; Remember, each dot represents a population, or X-amount of individuals- not an entire species. A species can only come to exist in the first place if it has a peak, which is sustaining it. The only real way a whole species would end up in a valley, is through some fast, dramatic change in the ecosystem, like a mass extinction, or maybe if a prey species suddenly goes extinct or something (in which case, yes- A species suddenly stuck with no food will likely go extinct). But for INDIVIDUALS/POPULATIONS, (rather than whole species) in a valley, the most likely outcome is natural selection pushing them towards either the peak above, or the peak below the valley- whichever is closest; The "valley" metaphor is kind of misleading, because in a real, geographical valley, we have gravity pulling you DOWN, and opposing anything trying to climb out of the valley. But in the "fitness valley", it's the opposite- There IS NO DOWNWARD FORCE pulling animals into the valley; In fact, natural selection is definitionally, automatically pushing animals "UP" and OUT of the 'valley', just by the simple fact that animals with more food will live longer and have more offspring- Reproductive fitness INHERENTLY chases the most plentiful food source, just by definition. Remember, the "valley" idea is just a usefull-but-inexact metaphor. And without a downward-pulling force like gravity (and we have an OPPOSITE, 'UPWARD' tendency, in the fitness metaphor), "valleys" would behave very differently. In some ways, it would make more sense to flip that graph upside-down, so that the "peaks" in the current graph become "valleys" (and vice versa)- This would give a more instinctive illustration of how populations will naturally "fall" towards the "fitness peaks", where there's most food. And how a population will naturally "fall upwards", out of a valley, and towards whichever fitness peak is closest. Settling on a "fitness peak" is the point of equilibrium, in the same way that rolling to the valley floor is the point of equilibrium in a real, geographical valley.
@christianskeptic6204
3 жыл бұрын
@@baconsarny-geddon8298 Great explanation! Could you help me wrap my head around fitness landscapes and phenotypic stasis? The hypothesis that attempts to explain why phenotypic stasis occurs in coelacanths and other taxa is that the taxon is somehow stuck on a fitness "peak." But doesn't this imply that the fitness peak does not change? Is this possible? Is there any evidence of a static fitness peak? It's difficult for me to think of scenarios in which fitness peaks do not change. Specially when other taxa around the taxon in question are evolving and thus changing the food source, competition for resources and predators of the taxon in question. If fitness peaks are never static, then wouldn't it be incorrect to say that coelacanths are "stuck on a fitness peak"?
@bouldersoundguy
2 жыл бұрын
I prefer to think of fitness landscapes as inverted compared to your illustrations, more like gravity wells. Phenotype tends to roll downhill, but they're not completely passive. They have some limited capacity to drive themselves upslope, kind of like a hamster in one of those hamster balls.
@MohsinKhan-ov4kx
10 ай бұрын
Proving Evolution just for the sake of proving.
@slackhackman9115
3 жыл бұрын
I've coined it 'evolutionary laziness' what we're dealing with here is a slacker of a fish.
@behrensf84
3 жыл бұрын
So we humans are kind of in a unique position. Crispr will let us control the way we want to evolve... ain’t no fitness mountain we can’t climb, ain’t no fitness valley we can’t fill in...
@anthonygordon9483
Жыл бұрын
Mammals at one point could not evolve at all due to the dominance of reptiles during the Jurassic period. If it wasn't for Cretaceous epoch , humans may have never existed at all and Coelacanth probably would still be alive. So even though we evolved from ancient Coelacanth, our future tree was still dire for human survival cause evolution never takes the same path and Cretaceous epoch were more critical for the path of mammals then Coelacanth. Modern species of Coelacanth would still exist because they broke off the Ancient Coelacanth evolutionary branch millions of years ago before Cretaceous epoch even reached land and well before the Jurassic period.
@desiderata8811
3 жыл бұрын
Why did you create this channel? The subjects seem to be the same of Stated Clearly.
@sciguyjeff
11 ай бұрын
Allow me to give a bit better answer to why coelacanths did not evolve as much as the mammals. A great dal of the natural selection process dals with changing environments. The modern day coelacanths are most likely in a very stable area, they have not had to adapt. Mammals, and indeed, most other species live in a far more unstable environment and have had to adapt. Turtles and the crocodilians are like the lobe fins, their habitats and life style has not really changed, neither have they.
@ohlawd3699
2 жыл бұрын
Yep, it pretty much did 400 million years ago, lol. 🤣
@maloc1824
3 жыл бұрын
Your bird looks so sad.
@thefrontier2288
3 жыл бұрын
Why did the Coelacanth stop evolving? Because it said "nah son I'm done" -some dude with a associates of science in biology
@george-gh8nj
2 жыл бұрын
The untrained eye hahahahaha, the untrained brain can see its the same, he shows skeletons which show nothing, different types of dogs are all dogs as fish
@josephtrojanowski7491
11 ай бұрын
Why have they stoped evolving they have stoped they are the same no answers their Einstein they stoped moving forward
@HatRSol
3 жыл бұрын
As you can clearly see, Atheism is a religion and Evolution is the Atheists' holly book. Please note the Atheists' god hanging on the wall. Want to get logical, LOOK INTO ISLAM; you'll have satisfactory true answers to all those difficult questions.
@FlappySock
Жыл бұрын
Atheism has nothing to do with evolution and vice versa. There are more Christians that accept evolution than there are atheist in the world. Islam tells us absolutely nothing about 99.9999999999999999% of the world. What is matter? What is matter made of? How old is earth? Why do the earth crust move? How do mountains form? What is our sun? How does fusion work? Why do things fall down on earth? Islam like other religions pretends to have answers but it is useless because it cannot demonstrate the claims made. What is knowledge? How can we know things to be true? If we can't show things to be likely true then it is no better than the local drunkard gobbledygook...
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