Key Differences:
Multiple Inheritance: Abstract classes do not support multiple inheritance, while interfaces do. This means a class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one abstract class.
Default Implementation: Abstract classes can provide default implementations for some of their methods. Interfaces can also do this using the default keyword (from Java 8 onwards).
Fields: Abstract classes can have fields with any access modifier and can maintain state. Interfaces can only have public, static, and final fields (constants) and cannot maintain state.
Constructors: Abstract classes can have constructors, which are called when an instance of a subclass is created. Interfaces cannot have constructors.
Access Modifiers: Methods in abstract classes can have any access modifier. Methods in interfaces are implicitly public, and from Java 9, interfaces can also have private methods.
Inheritance Keyword: Abstract classes use extends for inheritance, whereas interfaces use implements for implementation.
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