1. Input mode: In input mode, GPIO pins are used to read external digital signals or data. They are typically configured to detect logic levels, such as HIGH or LOW, from external sensors, switches, or other components.
2. Output mode: In output mode, GPIO pins are used to send digital signals or data to external devices or components. They can be configured to drive external LEDs, actuators, or other peripherals.
3. Pull-up/pull-down resistors: Pull-up or pull-down resistors are often used in conjunction with GPIO pins to ensure a stable logic level when the pin is in input mode. A pull-up resistor connects the GPIO pin to a high voltage level (e.g., Vcc), while a pull-down resistor connects the pin to a low voltage level (e.g., GND).
When selecting GPIO pins for a specific task, it is important to consider factors such as the required voltage levels, current capabilities, and signal timing. Additionally, it is crucial to consult the microcontroller's datasheet or reference manual to understand the specific features and limitations of each GPIO pin. By carefully configuring and selecting GPIO pins, developers can optimize the performance and reliability of their embedded systems.
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