The induction motor draws a huge amount of current at startup. This starting current can damage the motor windings. In order to avoid any damage, we use different techniques to reduce the starting current using Motor Starter. These techniques depend on the motor ratings and the load connected to the motor. Apart from this, the motor starter also protects the motor from overloading and overcurrent.
The Direct Online or DOL starter employs full voltage or across the line starting technique where the motor is directly connected to full voltage through MCCB or circuit breaker and relays for overload protection. This is why such a starter is used with induction motors rated below 5 hp.
Thermal Overload Relay: This type of overload relay works on the principle of expansion due to the heat generated by the current flow. A bimetallic strip is used with different thermal expansion to break or make the circuit based on the temperature.
Magnetic overload relay: such relays works on the principle of the magnetic field generated by the current flow through a coil. An excessive current drawn by the motor (that is a predetermined amount) generates enough magnetic field to trips the contact terminals and breaks the current supply.
Electronic Overload Relay: Electronic relay is a solid-state device without any movable parts or contacts. It utilizes current sensors to monitor the motor current and has an adjustable setting that allows the tripping at a wide range of current ratings.
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