This National Geographic Brain Games clip explores the surprising power of peer pressure. See how easily people conform to the group, even when the answer is obviously wrong (Solomon Ash Experiment). Learn about the science behind "herd mentality" and its impact on your decisions, from shopping habits to political views. Question the herd!
Question the Herd / Brain Games / National Geographic
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The Solomon Asch experiment, conducted in the 1950s, is a classic study in social psychology that demonstrated the power of conformity in groups. Here's a detailed overview of the experiment:
Objective
Solomon Asch aimed to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could influence a person to conform.
Method
Participants: Asch's experiment involved 123 male college students from Swarthmore College in the United States.
Procedure:
Participants were told they were taking part in a vision test.
They were placed in a room with several other individuals, who were actually confederates (actors working with the experimenter).
The group was shown a series of cards. Each card had a line on it, and participants were asked to match this line with one of three lines on another card.
The correct answer was always obvious.
Confederates' Role:
Confederates were instructed to give the same incorrect answer on certain trials.
The real participant always responded last or second-to-last, after hearing the majority's incorrect response.
Findings
About 75% of participants conformed to the incorrect majority at least once.
On average, participants conformed to the incorrect majority in about 32% of the critical trials.
A significant number of participants went along with the group's incorrect response despite it being clearly wrong.
Variations
Asch conducted several variations of his experiment to explore the factors influencing conformity:
Group Size: Conformity increased with group size, but only up to a point. A majority of three was found to have the most influence.
Unanimity: If just one confederate gave the correct answer, conformity dropped significantly.
Task Difficulty: As the task became more difficult, conformity increased.
Conclusions
Normative Social Influence: Participants conformed to be liked or accepted by the group.
Informational Social Influence: In some cases, participants conformed because they believed the group was better informed than they were.
Implications
The Asch conformity experiments highlighted the strong impact of social influence on behavior and the extent to which people are willing to go against their own perceptions to align with a group.
Criticisms
Ecological Validity: The artificial setting and task may not accurately reflect real-life conformity.
Cultural Bias: The study was conducted in a specific cultural context (1950s America), which might limit the generalizability of the findings.
Legacy
The Asch experiments remain foundational in understanding social influence and group dynamics. They paved the way for further research into conformity, obedience, and group behavior in social psychology.
Question the Herd / Brain Games / National Geographic
Original video link
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