I remember Flight Simulator 98... Me and my dad spent hours to figure out how to move airplane.
@GothAlice
9 жыл бұрын
Released a few months before Wolfenstein 3D was Ultima Underworld, a realtime textured non-orthognal (non-square walls) multi-layer (i.e. bridges over traversable water) RPG with basic physics (you can throw and otherwise manipulate objects in the environment), realtime lighting, magic system, hunger/thirst, sleep, dialog trees, barter, etc. It truly rocked the socks off what people thought 3D could do.
@derekwilson8898
8 жыл бұрын
I happened to find your channel through this video and I must say I really liked it. I would enjoy watching more videos like these on retro computer games etc.
@BaronVonHaggis
9 жыл бұрын
Warhead, wow what a blast from the past that I'd totally sunk loads of hours into this game in younger years. Yet somehow I had completely forgotten about, until today! Thanks Scott! :)
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
It needs a remake.
@PhoenixDfire
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley I thought I-War 1 was more of a spiritual successor to Warhead. It had a lot of the same gameplay features.
@LegendaryGauntlet
6 жыл бұрын
Infinity Battlescape flies quite a bit like Warhead / iWar.. have a look at it, even if it's less of a pure simulation, i felt the feeling is almost the same.
@Commodore64Man
9 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the trip down memory lane. It has been really cool to observe the huge advancements in technology the passed few decades.
@weldonwin
9 жыл бұрын
I had Starglider 2, way back in the day on my family's Amiga 500. I really never got very far with the game, mostly because I would always either get horribly lost in the underground parts, or just destroyed when I tried picking fights. Also, an odd addition to the game was that if you flew your ship The Icarus Dragon, too close to the sun, it would start melting, with the screen slowly 'dripping' down
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
There was a lot of jokes in that game - the ultimate weapon was held in a special tractor beam called the 'forslook device' - so to destroy the enemy battlestation you had to use the forslook.
@weldonwin
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley I actually think my favourite thing in the game, was just heading into space and coming across a pod of Space Whales, which would come in different sizes and always travelled in what I took to be family groups, with this wailing sound that I always presumed to be picked up by my comms system, since, y'know, no air in space to carry Whale song (Take that Star Trek 4)
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Cheat modes I remember - 'We're on a mission from God' - Starglider II 'Grow old along with me' - Carrier Command 'When the sweet showers of April fall' - Voyager
@weldonwin
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley I never understood why the game was called Starglider though
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
The original starglider came with a book which explains that there was a species of bird which flew to the moon and back.
@nickludlam
9 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the video, Scott. The Damocles section brought back a lot of memories. Those primitive sound effects are obviously lodged deep in my brain somewhere.
@AndrewFremantle
Жыл бұрын
Damn. I absolutely adored XF5700 Mantis Experimental Fighter on the PC. I had no idea until just now that it was a successor to Warhead. My mind was blown as you started explaining Warhead and I'm like... Wait a minute. I recognize most of this.
@MunroPage
9 жыл бұрын
My favourite was always X-Wing Vs TIE Fighter. I've still got the CD with the Balance Of Power expansion somewhere...I played the hell out of that game.
@sandwich2473
9 жыл бұрын
A Scott Manley short version of Ahoy's video? EPIC!
@harrym2709
9 жыл бұрын
Iain M. Banks' books are brilliant. Sci-fi space opera type stories, brilliantly pulled off - making films of them would only do them an injustice. While the sci-fi ones are all in the same universe, you don't have to read them in any particular order. Try both of his series, most of the books should be in your local library or book shop and they're definitely available online.
@LordAlldara
9 жыл бұрын
Arctic Fox (1986) for the Tandy 1000 also used 3D polygons plus I remember having one of the early early Chuck Yeager flight sims. These were my favorite games as a kid though they were also the only games I had for the Tandy lol.
@matsey721
9 жыл бұрын
Scott, this an absolutely awesome video
@bvenable78
9 жыл бұрын
23:16 I can't wait for your X-Wing series!!!!
@mediocrefunkybeat
9 жыл бұрын
So many hours of my childhood spent on X-Wing. Definitely going to download them again... fantastic games and fantastically difficult!
@Monkiiengineer
3 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley: Today, We're talking about early 3d space shooters Scott Manley: doesn't mention Starfox Starfox: Am I a joke to you?
@srenmaagaard6876
9 жыл бұрын
Darkside(1988) used 3d polygons on the 64. Made by Incentive Software Ltd. Love the awesome Warhead, tough as nails.
@gillianorley
9 жыл бұрын
I had SubLogic's Flight Simulator for the Atari 800 in 1984. I recall that using polygon graphics.
@Dark__Thoughts
9 жыл бұрын
The similarities from Starglider 2 to Starwing are quite big, especially the level design and design for the enemies.
@JoelMurphy77
9 жыл бұрын
Simulators such as 3-D Helicopter Simulator, by Sierra, and Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer, by Electronic Arts, (both released in 1987) used polygon graphics and would run on (among other things) an 8088 machine running MS-DOS. While not strictly games, I found a fair amount of entertainment from these titles.
@EastyyBlogspot
9 жыл бұрын
i loved the freescape engine that was used in the late 80s games like driller ,total eclipse and castle master
@davidrenton
9 жыл бұрын
ah u beat me, i remember them espcially the 2 FPS i got on my Amstrad CPC 464 (Colour monitor not the green one , how posh)
@geribaldi2
9 жыл бұрын
Another great video also appreciate that you are genre specific (space sims). Just wanted to bring up a non-space sim game that used Polygon graphics which was part of the "flood gates" mentioned in the video. Dragonstrike (RPG game) which came out in 1990 utilized polygon graphics. I played this when it came out for the Amiga and at the time was a huge Dragonlance fanboy.
@Commodore64Man
9 жыл бұрын
Remember "Hunter" on Amiga? An open world action adventure in a filled polygon world... that was amazing for its time!
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Commodore Man I also had that, it was an exact port of the ST version. While the Amiga did sprites and sound better the ST had a 10% faster CPU and many of these 3d games were faster on the Atari.
@geribaldi2
9 жыл бұрын
Cool, didn't know about that one. I remember (nostalgia side-trip :)). Was in Air Force, stationed in Korea, my dorm mate had an Amiga, immediately wanted an A500 for myself. Got one and Dstrike and Elite were the 1st games I got (at the time you could find Amiga games in the Base Exchange / regular stores). Then followed up with another Polygon game (Stunt Car Driver).
@MarkSapsford
9 жыл бұрын
OMFG! one of my life's unanswered questions answered in Dec 2014. Many years ago, in my early teens, i remember watching people in an arcade play Space Ace, also in the same arcade was another game I watched people play and the name of this game as alluded me since. Thanks Scott Manley ! I now know the name of that game "I Robot"
@JohnMichaelson
9 жыл бұрын
The first polygonal games I actually remember playing were the pre-Civ Microprose flight sims on C64 and later on my underpowered 286. They weren't the first by any stretch to use them but F-19 in 1988 was so far beyond any previous combat sim in scale I was just amazed. And they had manuals that were almost literature, something I miss nowadays. F-19's was like 200 pages and I'm sure people remember the Falcon 4 manual.
@VenlyssPnorr
3 жыл бұрын
I remember the cheese in Mercenary. It was actually designated the Casper-Hanley Eagle 8SE if memory serves...
@javkiller
9 жыл бұрын
Perhaps not entirely relevant to the matter at hand, but there was, some odd 15 years ago, a remake called "The sentinel returns" which i think made a fascinating reconstruction of the original product, for posterity's sake. Really good game for what it did. The concept held up well as a puzzle game, would probably make a great mobile title.
@BeyondTheScanlines
9 жыл бұрын
Awesome round up - completely and utterly surprised to see a game where the CPC was faster than the Spectrum too in Starstrike II! As for the humble C64, you're right - 3D wasn't it's thing, but there were a few games which attempted it and ran at playable enough speeds - Origin's Space Rogue & Ocean's Battle Command are the cream of the crop for that. Certainly worth finding the disk/cart images & checking them out on an emulator :)
@NovardNoodle
9 жыл бұрын
I love these vids as this was all a generation before my time. Wish I knew of all these books...
@Muscleduck
9 жыл бұрын
Interesting video, I had no idea 3D graphics are this old. Btw, the oldest I could think of that had 3D graphics, is Stunts, which is apparently from 1990. A solid 3 years older than X-Wing.
@pseudocoder78
9 жыл бұрын
I love all the younger people on here that are bringing up games they think are ancient but they came out in the 90's. Some of them in the late 90's. Check Wikipedia people! Anyway, this was a great roundup of early 3d poly graphics with a lot of games I have never heard of, probably since my gaming "career" started around '89. Thanks again Scott Manley :)
@joolsstoo3085
7 жыл бұрын
I have an irrational love of flat shaded polygons, to this day I seek out games that use them. That means lots of Amiga 500 titles, Atari Jaguar games and a few oddballs like lego Drome Racers for the GBA, a surprisingly good little 3D racer on the handheld. You can even find flat shaded polys in later games like Tekken, Cyber Sled and Starblade for the PSone.
@scottmanley
7 жыл бұрын
+Jools Stoo have you looked at House of The Dying Sun? That's mostly using flat shaded polygons.
@davidrenton
9 жыл бұрын
some games from my past Driller + Total Eclipse Midwinter (1,2) - very interesting idea you lead a revolution, the squeal you could get into any vehicle, including sub's,airships beat GTA by 15 year's :).
@wipeout2098
9 жыл бұрын
One I can add is Driller. It did filled 3D on 8-bit systems in 1987, albeit very slowly. :) Rescue on Fractalus did filled 3D fractal landscapes in 1984, not sure it qualifies for this, though.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Yup the fractal landscape games were very cool, but I was trying to focus on 3d models.
@InkubusGames
9 жыл бұрын
Aaaah... StarGlider 2. It always had special place in my heart. The only game that managed to replace it was Frontier but really it was unique experience for me.
@jl.7739
4 жыл бұрын
15:20 min. Warhead also invented the „Hans Zimmer inception brooooooommm Sound“
@LexTenebris
9 жыл бұрын
You should really follow this up with a run-down of vector and raster graphics games and how they've evolved (and dead-ended in many cases).
@NCISCherno
9 жыл бұрын
Star Strike for the Intellivision seems a bit out of the realm of qualifying but it was the first one that came to mind to look at.
@Markus9705
9 жыл бұрын
Warhead was quite fun when I played it for the first time. Still remember it. :P
@joekidd1992
9 жыл бұрын
I loved the game Privateer which is based in Wing Commander universe and loved it so much, bought the updated version. And I still fire it up.
@apudharald2435
6 жыл бұрын
joekidd1992 loved it but let's face it: I am now too slow to dance around 10 Demon fighters and swat them like flies.
@MarijnRoorda
9 жыл бұрын
Wow, trip down memory lane, and thanks, for making me feel old again! Ill be sure not to show my kids, no need to give em ample ammunition..
@Ailure
9 жыл бұрын
Argonaut put a "drawing mode" into Starfox as well. In the continue screen if you held down certain button (I forgot which) it would start tracing just like in Starglider 2 and I, robot. There isn't a such thing in later argonaut games though, not even in the unreleased Starfox 2 (which would had been the last polygon game for the Super nintendo if it got released).
@stupossibleify
9 жыл бұрын
Great video. Let's not further Driller and Total Eclipse, which were filled polygon games on e C64.
@rogerwilco2
9 жыл бұрын
Quill18 has some nice episodes with the gog releases of the X-Wing and Tie-fighter games.
@DestroyYouAlot
7 ай бұрын
Starglider 2 was so far ahead of its time.
@lurkerrekrul
Жыл бұрын
Warhead - It was impressive, and I wanted to like it, but I could never really get a handle on the combat. I never really felt like I knew what I was doing and where the enemy was. There was a space game for the C64, Apple 2 and DOS that I recall being pretty playable, Deep Space: Operation Copernicus. I played the C64 version.
@soundslave
9 жыл бұрын
Scott, can you do an autobiography style video to explain how you know all this stuff about games, computers and space? Not asking for huge detail but it'd be interesting to know. :)
@mrcyberpunk
9 жыл бұрын
Likewise Red Baron by Dynamix (1990) used shaded polygons which also pre-dates Xwing.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Right, for all of the many innovative things X-Wing simulator brought to the genre, the graphics wasn't one of them.
@mickmickymick6927
5 жыл бұрын
Tilt and Driller for the C64 were 3d games which didn't use vectors. Tilt is only kind-of 3d, but Driller is for real.
@KronoGarrett
9 жыл бұрын
It's sort of interesting how much of Starglider turned up in the Star Fox series (Especially the unreleased SF2.)
@greyfade
9 жыл бұрын
I'm *really* surprised you don't mention David Braben's Frontier: Elite II. With its filled polygon graphics and simulation of celestial mechanics, it seems like something worth at least a passing mention.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
It was released in 1993making it too new for this .
@johnnotownsend5242
9 жыл бұрын
SWOTL is my favourite pre-95 game.
@MrMartGonzo
9 жыл бұрын
I'd forgotten all about I Robot. I thought that game was awesome when I was a kid. although back then I didn't recognise esoteric symbolism or Jahbuhlon ;) EDIT: Holy Shit! Damocles! I was going to post about that before you mentioned it, what a great game that was.
@NstHarlequin
9 жыл бұрын
Ahh warhead, back then I just bought games that the cover looked cool :) I spent so much time trying to figure out that game with my rudimentary english :D Those pseudostelar missiles, ahh such awesomeness
@ramflow8466
9 жыл бұрын
He mentioned the 6809 cpu. That think was clocked at 2mhz! MHZ! And now a days there are processors that come at a stock 4.2 ghz! Thats 4200mhz! Gosh technology is amazing.
@dandy6969
9 жыл бұрын
There was the Space Rogue game on C64, that used polygons.
@ScoopexUs
7 ай бұрын
It's great that even though your history begins with PC you look back! It will be random picks, of course. Arcade/console games like I, Robot and Starglider aren't really in space. Play for 5 minutes. I only comment to say there were a ton, you missed a lot, Elite and Frontier being the most famous. (As you know now, algorithm revealed this video to me finally!) Damocles is legit and not that hard to finish. Cheers.
@SunDancerGE
9 жыл бұрын
On the C64 Stunt Car Racer had filled polygons.
@flinxmeister
9 жыл бұрын
Arcticfox was a good example too.
@andrewnold7875
9 жыл бұрын
I enjoyed this video, history lesson for the win.
@ThePtb1980
9 жыл бұрын
Yep that was it!! Thanks dude been searching for so long!
@Jaccoob233
9 жыл бұрын
Cool video! Have you seen Stuart Brown's (Xbox Ahoy) history of graphics he just uploaded?
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
I have not, I was mostly aiming to reminisce about games from my youth.
@Dagreatdudeman
9 жыл бұрын
How did I get to see this so early.
@AndrewRoberts11
2 жыл бұрын
The 1984, MSX Starfighters is one you missed.
@AndrewRoberts11
2 жыл бұрын
There are a couple of play throughs, of the game, on this site.
@Sal-T
9 жыл бұрын
Don't forget about Arcticfox for various platforms: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcticfox One of my favorite games, back in the day.
@KonstantinShutkin
9 жыл бұрын
I played Academy (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_(video_game)) and it was really interesting game. Game was released in 1987.
@sput42
9 жыл бұрын
The Sentinel was ported to the C64 by the original author (I remember playing it back in the day too!), so it's not true that there was no polygon graphics on that system... :) With the SuperCPU hardware extension, The Sentinel even ran smooth on a C64...
@BenChilds
9 жыл бұрын
I seem to recall Test Drive 2: The Duel (And most likely TD 1) having combo raster and polygonal graphics on the C64.
@Mostlyharmless1985
9 жыл бұрын
I know that Descent was late to the game, being up in the doom era, but I would call it pretty innovative with it's six degrees of freedom, and multiplayer.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Yeah I'm only looking at early games with flat shaded polygons, 1990 is the cutoff since Wing commander was released in 1991 and some journalists seem to think that was the genesis of 3d spaceship games.
@brnsndr2000
9 жыл бұрын
Holy fucking shit I couldn't bother with these games during my youth and never believed someone actually played this space sci fi shit. Super mario bros. was the shit.
@HolidayTheLeek
9 жыл бұрын
Sci fi in the 80s and early 90s was the shit....
@ShumaiAxeman
9 жыл бұрын
At first I was like "holy crap! Scott Manley has read Bainks" then I remembered that you're Scottish, so of course you've read his books. I was so sad when he passed last year :(
@JohnyPhate
9 жыл бұрын
more science videos please... for example something about that magnifying glass discussion on twitter you had
@donaldrobinson5428
9 жыл бұрын
I guess it matters on what you call "3d polygon games". For earlier games, in 1982 LucasArts made BallBlazer which was a first person perspective "sports game" (a game similar to car soccer) that featured a chessboard-like floor (for some indication of speed since you were "driving" on a flat field). I know that even before that, I saw a first-person-perspective 3d maze game with solid walls on an Apple 2 (I later had a similar vector game care of typing in a BASIC game from ANALOG magazine, but didn't follow the Apple scene to know where the maze game came from). In an even more minor detail, Atari made a "Last Starfighter" game for their 400/800 8-bit computer line. Due to the movie bombing, they decided to slap the name "Star Raiders 2" name on it (Star Raiders being one of those classic games that held the title "most amazing game ever" for quite a few years. Possibly longer than any other game).
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Yeah, ballblazer only allowed rotations of 90 degrees, it wasn't really doing polygons.
@Mythricia1988
9 жыл бұрын
Wauw. BallBlazer, 1982? I instantly recognized that name and your description from a Playstation 1 game I remember liking. Must have been a re-make of the '82 game. That was a fun little game.
@Nossieuk
9 жыл бұрын
I would like to hope that if this was a GOG sponsored post, you would disclose it ;)
@Anacronian
9 жыл бұрын
Man i spendt many hours playing Warhead and even more playing I-war.
@TheEmoEntchen
9 жыл бұрын
Scott, I'm really interested in languages and pronunciation and I just have to ask you: What kind of accent is that, that you are speaking? Is it maybe some kind of british accent? I'm obviously not a native english speaker, so I'm just curious about it
@Based_Papa
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley is my favorite manly Scot on the internet.
@RMJ1984
9 жыл бұрын
This actually looks like a really fun game that Warhead. Not at one point did think aww man those er terrible graphics. i totally got sucked in my the gameplay :D
@frantic8916
9 жыл бұрын
Great vid! More like this
@artao5
8 жыл бұрын
Rescue on Fractalus (1984) and Koronis Rift (1985) were, i believe, 3d polygon graphics, fractally generated. Both ran on the C64 (as well as other systems, of course) ... and Ballblazer of course, tho not a space game it is 3d, and also Lucas Arts ;)
@rudiangath9971
7 жыл бұрын
Rescue On Fractalus, Koronis Rift and The Eidolon did not use polygons at all. I'm sure they used raycasting and some sort of heightmapping (similar to Comanche, Outcast etc.) Filled polygons would be much slower.
@Skiiwa
9 жыл бұрын
This is Great Nfo! TY!!
@joshua33112
9 жыл бұрын
Hey Mr. Manley, have you seen a series of videos from Ahoy called "A Brief History of Video Games Graphics"? They are pretty interesting and I recommend you to check them out!
@RFC3514
9 жыл бұрын
I just noticed that there's a remake of an old 3D classic, "Carrier Command", on Steam. No idea how good or how similar to the original it is, though.
@SD78
9 жыл бұрын
2:40 Epilepsy Simulator!
@jekanyika
9 жыл бұрын
The only program with Ben Hecks Spectrum mod is that he kept on calling it the "Zee X Spectrum"!
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
It's a 3 part, by the 3rd part audience outcry has corrected this misguided tendency.
@Francois424
9 жыл бұрын
So you played Warhead too (loved that game, Make the SolBase in KSP !) and Carrier Command ? What about Midwinter (Which would be awesome for you to LP thru the end since no one did it yet)?
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
I beat Midwinter and its sequel, but it's not exactly high frame rate.
@Francois424
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley True, but for me it's charm never wained. Funnily enough, I had played a 4h session just before you posted this. One of the classics that never dies =)
@SD78
9 жыл бұрын
The Berserker ate planet Earth.
@ThePtb1980
9 жыл бұрын
Hi Scott interesting video thanks! I can remember playing a game on my Amiga 500 back in the day that looked like very similar to these but you flew around inside a computer shooting stuff. Any ideas what that was called? Been looking for the name of it for ages!!
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Is it possibly 'Interphase' that was an interesting title. The graphics used very simple models so it was fast. That deserves a remake.
@slayerficated
9 жыл бұрын
The sentinel, a game about getting high on trees
@kerbalwww2
9 жыл бұрын
I think the first Game with filt poliygons game in the IBM pc is Microsoft flight simulator 1.0 edit: it was relese 1982
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Yep that predates even these, although the I don't think it does 3d models just a flat ground with different areas painted in either blue or green. Everything else is wireframe. 2.0 added buildings which were rendered as cuboids.
@hikerwolfspaine8200
9 жыл бұрын
The snes had 3D capabilities though I'm sure we've had it longer than that
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Other than W-Wing and Wing Commander all of these space games were released before the SNES
@hikerwolfspaine8200
9 жыл бұрын
I assumed so I haven't been around that long actually I think I wasn't born until after the snes was released.
@Daneoid81
9 жыл бұрын
9:20, I've heard that sampled in a song somewhere, but I can't put my finger on it.
@TCWordz
9 жыл бұрын
So, Scott. Now the question is: do you own all these old machines to record on, or were the clips from emulators?
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
I Robot had to be on an emulator. And while I've owned and played all the others on proper hardware it's a lot easier to capture from an emulator.
@TCWordz
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley I can't fathom to imagine the amount of hours it took to produce this video. Well done, and thank you, Dr Manley. Also, _posh_ words :D
@majormissile5596
9 жыл бұрын
When did you turn into Ross Scott? (guy who website and youtube name is accused farms)
@yvindfotland116
9 жыл бұрын
The guns in Starstriker II sounds like really wet farts
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Most sounds on the ZX Spectrum sound like that. The sound hardware was an output line on the CPU hooked to a speaker. The line could go either high or low, giving 1 bit audio. But people still did some cool things with even that: In particular Tim Follin somehow managed to do multi channel audio on that hardware. kzitem.info/news/bejne/tWpovamLqXSme3o kzitem.info/news/bejne/zKJuynWMspSopG0 kzitem.info/news/bejne/y2yD06ivh2VnlXo kzitem.info/news/bejne/toum3IV7n397po4 kzitem.info/news/bejne/1qKp2WVja5SpYIo
@jackofsometrades5577
9 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley Gotta love Tim Follin
@gatomaru
9 жыл бұрын
scott could you make a video explaining what debugging is and why it can take a very long time sometimes to fix something?
@javiercorona7803
9 жыл бұрын
I beleive there was a Flight Simulator for the Commodore 64. I think that was 3D graphics? Not sure tho.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
Lots of 3d vector graphics on 8 bit systems not so many solid 3d polygon games.
@MrStabby19812
9 жыл бұрын
You forgot Tau Ceti for the zx spectrum.
@JM697796
9 жыл бұрын
@Scott Manley I would like to know what you think of No Man's Sky the new space exploration game which will hopefully be released soon, I think on PC and PS4 Not sure if you've checked it out or not. I don't know how good it will be but looks nice.
@scottmanley
9 жыл бұрын
I'm not sure what there is to check out other than press releases.
@WhirlwindJon
9 жыл бұрын
nice
@RichardTheValiantFoolFox
9 жыл бұрын
Warhead reminds me of the game XF5700 Mantis.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XF5700_Mantis
@npatrcevic
9 жыл бұрын
Gawd I hated flying the Scimitar in WC... Utter piece of c of a ship.
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