What is CORONA EFFECT?
Corona is an audible, luminous discharge that occurs when there is an excessive localized electric field gradient over an object that causes ionization and possible electrical breakdown of the air adjacent to this point. Corona is characterized by a colored glow that is often visible in a dark environment. The audible discharge, usually a subtle hissing sound, increases in intensity with increasing output voltage. Ozone, an unstable, odorous form of oxygen, is often generated during this process. Rubber is destroyed by ozone and nitric acid can be created if there is enough moisture. These items have harmful effects on materials, including electrical insulators.
Good high voltage design takes corona generation into account and provides design countermeasures to limit the possibility of problems developing.
Corona Discharge (also known as Corona Effect) is an electrical discharge caused by the ionization of a fluid, such as air around an electrically charged conductor. The corona effect will occur in high voltage systems unless sufficient care is taken to limit the strength of the surrounding electric field.
Corona discharge can cause an audible hissing or cracking noise as it ionizes the air around the conductors. This is common in high voltage electrical power transmission lines. The corona effect can also produce a violet glow, production of ozone gas around the conductor, radio interference and loss of electrical power.
The corona effect occurs naturally due to the fact that air is not a perfect insulator - containing a lot of free electrons and ions under normal conditions. When an electric field is established in the air between two conductors, the ions and free electrons in the air will experience a force. Due to this effect, ions and free electrons are accelerated and moved in the opposite direction.
Charged particles during their motion collide with each other and also with slowly moving uncharged molecules. Thus, the number of charged particles increases rapidly. If the electric field is strong enough, a dielectric breakdown of the air will occur and an arc will form between the conductors.
Electric energy transmission deals with the mass transfer of electric energy from generating stations located many kilometers away from the main consumption centers or cities. For this reason, long-distance transmission conductors are of extreme necessity for effective power transfer - which evidently results in large system-wide losses.
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