This is how education should sound like, happy, crazy fun and mind provoking. Dr. Pam is a star.
@velvetindigonight
3 жыл бұрын
Well said and I agree..............
@dylanhunt5655
Жыл бұрын
Dr Pam is a talker of talk, talk, talk. Also she acts well, like a drama actor.
@iamjaneica
Жыл бұрын
Agreed!!
@harveybliss8003
Жыл бұрын
@@velvetindigonight is
@itsjudystube7439
Жыл бұрын
Why? What’s wrong with quiet serious considered education?
@MooMooMath
2 жыл бұрын
I'm not making this up. Eight years ago I felt like I was sick all of the time and was feeling like at 52 my best years were behind me. I can't remember what inspired me but my breakfast became my " lazy man's breakfast" because of how easy it is to prepare. I put kale, 1 bannana,spinach,pea protein,carrots, and water, in a cheap blender,mix it up, and drink it. This has been my breakfast for the last 6 years. At 61 I run faster than I did at 50 and I have reduced my rate of illiness.
@carmelasowens7303
Жыл бұрын
I'm going to try it. You've inspired me
@HearturMind
Жыл бұрын
Kale should not be eaten daily especially raw due to toxins unique to that vegetable. Look into it. It's fine less frequently.
@Acts-1322
Жыл бұрын
@@carmelasowens7303 hope you started then and are still going just 5 months later! 💪 Also always build body armor... AKA muscle strength!
@sharroon7574
Жыл бұрын
What works for one will not work for everyone, kale and pea protein are problematic for some but if it works for you, good job.
@stealthsadhu306
4 ай бұрын
How do you liquify carrots in a cheap blender? Tell me and I'll do it.
@loslucky
8 жыл бұрын
Genetics loads the gun but Epigenetic pulls the trigger. Everyone should watch this!!!! Wish more educators taught like Pamela. Awesome educator/speaker.
@timyatcak3292
5 жыл бұрын
shoots BIG holes in the thoroughbred breeding field
@elviraantoniacontreras2809
4 жыл бұрын
I agree! I LOVED her. I loved her so much I am adding her university in a special list I am making.
I don't thumbs up many videos, but when I do, it's like this legend of a woman.
@RK-nq3fj
Жыл бұрын
So takeaway is: take care of your body and mind - because that's the best gift you can give to your children and grandchildren.
@loslucky
8 жыл бұрын
Im digging her delivery, humor and the message. Bravo Pamela Peeke.
@Coffeehan
5 жыл бұрын
I really love this woman, I saw her in another TED talk, she makes the listeners engaged and entertained while teaching them at the same time. I wish I could talk publicly like this.
@corpuscallosum4677
4 жыл бұрын
What a powerful communicator!👏 Combining such cutting edge science with such easy to understand metaphors and humor. Thank you Pamela, for your contribution to the human gene pools!! Your ancestors and your offsprings were/are/will be mighty proud of your gene expressions!👍
@ProdigiousHdawg
7 жыл бұрын
Gosh, if she taught at my school, I would sign up for her class in a heartbeat! I love the way she presents all this important, educational information in such an engaging way, and intertwined with such humor. I really appreciate how she uses more "real person", everyday lingo and explanations and tries to connect with the audience as opposed to just spewing off facts in uber-scietific jargon; she introduces the scientific jargon and then weaves it into stories so we can all understand what's going on. I saw another one of her TED talks, too, and I was equally as enthralled; she really brings science and medicine alive! Bravo! :D
@red-winged_blackbird
Жыл бұрын
You said this very well! Thank you.
@karenwalker8682
7 жыл бұрын
Ok she is literally such a queen. Entertaining and informative. 😂
@Mojomanultra
6 жыл бұрын
I know rite, think im in love ;)
@dirkrossey1
9 жыл бұрын
I am so honoured to be able to have heard this talk.. thank you
@fruitopia5461
5 жыл бұрын
I love this! This should be shown to all the kids in every school in the world 💕🌎🙏
@RalphDratman
9 жыл бұрын
Surprisingly good talk that did not get a lot of views (so far). It deserves a bigger audience.
@PEACESEATINGDISORDERVLOG
8 жыл бұрын
its a conspiracy. cause this saved my life. im not even 30 & my health was horrible a year ago when i found this & began applying it. i added kale first once a week, then every day, then added veggies after veggie, then a tablespoon of raw ginger...it just built into this incredible new life for me. the world will find a way to get this truth out there somehow. youre so lovely for thinking this needs more views too!
@rhondamaza8598
Жыл бұрын
My grandparents ate pretty organically but what they drank is another thing.😂
@vegemate639
2 жыл бұрын
Kudos and really happy that there are leaders in our med circles who promote quantum possibilities. Many spiritual leaders already taught these. Science has to catch up a lot.
@Kubacoll
9 жыл бұрын
This is the BEST (and most hope-insiring) explanation I have heard of gene expression EVER!! Very informative & understandable of the day-to-day impact of our choices on the power we have to re_create ourselves! Loved it!
@scarred10
5 жыл бұрын
It's also wrong, there's no evidence about food choice or thoughts being trans generational in humans.
@jeannietabailloux
5 жыл бұрын
She's a gifted teacher.
@joaocoelho7331
10 жыл бұрын
"You are what your grandparents ate", plus what you eat and what you don't!
@1MinuteFlipDoc
5 жыл бұрын
i love the grandparents recipe. very healthy food, by today's standards.
@LEIGHPFOSI
7 жыл бұрын
I say this with a huge smile: take my sense of humor and combine it with your apptitude for the medical sciences [as well as the psychological... and a few more] and the result is ---- I learn and laugh and laugh and learn! Thank you for being awesome.
@terrafarmer48
2 жыл бұрын
Proud of my Hungarian Canadian roots! Yes we do cook like this! Every recipe starts with butter and onion and garlic in a pan, then you decide what you're making. 😂My great grandparents settled in one of the first Hungarian colonies on the prairies. Hard workers need good fuel! 🇨🇦❤️🇭🇺
@Arayvek
Жыл бұрын
That's the best smell in the world too
@arash4712
5 күн бұрын
I like it: everything starts with butter, garlic...". I love it!🎉
@alanbrunton2289
9 жыл бұрын
This is the tip of the iceberg. When we say that our cells are influenced by their environment, there are 2 kinds of environment, natural and ingested. It makes great sense to induce healthy, organic foods, vitamins, into our bodies, but the "natural environment," light, heat and sound, is also a great influence on the optimal performance of our bodies. Sound itself, from the music we listen to, to the buzzing of florescent lighting above the cubicles, has frequencies which influence our cells, the cell's receptors and secondary transducers of information. ALL frequencies influence our bodies. Choosing which ones we subject ourselves to is a question just BARELY being addressed.
@Shyeena
8 жыл бұрын
and... when you think of all the information being transmitted through the etheric waves; we are bombarded by unseen frequencies. As an infant and child- bombarded by things we've now learned is not good. Reversing the damage on our gene expression takes dedication and knowledge.
@crisbrackett2067
6 жыл бұрын
She may not be a specialist in every area but she seems to be quite great at what message she IS sharing.
@shiftyjake
6 жыл бұрын
Alan Brunton .
@BastianAllenstein
6 жыл бұрын
Alan Brunton o
@scarred10
5 жыл бұрын
Absolute nonsense without a shred of evidence
@cescadarien-hyde5033
Жыл бұрын
You are what you eat is so spot on - no more excuses - no more bad association - thank you for the wisdom.
@YanTales
7 жыл бұрын
Lady you are awesome
@pavitrajaimungal1889
Жыл бұрын
'You are what you eat'. This is a Hindu saying. We are in charge of ourselves destiny, luck everything. Its all about our past / present Karmas and this will make our future. All our lives is based in our choice and decision at the end of the day. Best wishes madam with your future research.
@hugoanson2135
Жыл бұрын
SHE PUT MUCH WORK INTO HER PRESENTAION & PURPOSE.
@geneandheather1
2 жыл бұрын
She's wonderful! Loved it!
@vikikasa2722
5 жыл бұрын
I thoroughly enjoyed your speech and learned a lot meanwhile! But when I reached 15:46 and saw gloulash soup (gulyás leves bográcsban), then heared her talking about Hungarians, I was thrilled :D Yes, I'm from Hungary. I grew up on foods like this
@Enmanuel_V6
7 жыл бұрын
This woman's personality makes her so attractive
@candescentmoon2181
Жыл бұрын
I come from a family that's been told that we have "a poor genetic background" (whatever that means). This is fabulous news! And very inspiring.
@sine8811
Жыл бұрын
The book It Didn't Start With You by Wolynn might relate to what you were told about your family.
@Acts-1322
Жыл бұрын
Good for you on finding this! Build muscle daily with strength training, eat more superfoods + water...with minimal "beverages", sugaries & man-made products, prioritize 8 hours sleep! Happy methylation!
@RabiyyahBadruddin
6 жыл бұрын
So your genes do not control your destiny, but the proteins in them have a lot more to do with DNA construction and reconstruction! I love this study! A new age is on the horizon, and I'm super excited about it. There's so much that goes into the power of positive thinking. Your Thoughts create Your reality and words rewire your brain.
@prepperjonpnw6482
6 жыл бұрын
Absolutely the best ted talk I have ever seen!!! I’ve watched several hundred of them and this is the best! Great topic, could have been boring and to complex for anyone under a 165 IQ but NO lol she made it fun and entertaining while teaching and explaining some incredible science. Lots of humour and a little tongue in cheek at times. I’ll be watching this again tomorrow just to see what I may have missed lol. I’ve already hit like and shared with 10 friends. A must see talk lol
@a.a.d.6374
2 жыл бұрын
Lol it doesn’t take a IQ above 165 to understand what epigenetics is
@albertoascari2542
2 жыл бұрын
@@a.a.d.6374 I agree I probably have an IQ of 10 but can understand what's she talking about lol
@QuaaludeCharlie
Жыл бұрын
Thank you Pamela , Nutrition and Metabolism are Important , I Stopped fluoride in 2005 and quit TV in 2001 , I'm walking on Sunshine .
@DustineRey
3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant! Love the approachability of the content through humor. Dr. Peeke is captivating...even my graduate students loved this video. So well done in every way. Thank you.
@tylerforde87
4 жыл бұрын
If this lady went on Rogan she could change so many lives.
@lovequeen7080
4 жыл бұрын
Such a great comment and idea!
@jlaw8959
4 жыл бұрын
What a great gift you have shared with everyone! Your total caring and nurturing of every cell in our bodies, gives a total new Outlook towards humanity! Thank you for all the joy , laughter and peace of mind. God be with you. The light shines through you for all to see. For all humanity: I Thank You!
@apove1814
5 жыл бұрын
For some reason - I KNEW I’d love her when I saw her. That’s interesting .
@janerozhkova6530
4 жыл бұрын
What an amazing woman watched every single interview with her
@startrekgal
2 жыл бұрын
Best TEDX TALK in medicine and medical science ever. This MD posted on my FB PAGE for my patients to watch, learn and be entertained.
@positivegradient
5 жыл бұрын
De. Peeke is an incredible speaker. This talk is about such important and ground breaking research and it is also very entertaining.
@Artomedics
8 жыл бұрын
I was smiling the whole time i watched this video cause now all i learnt in biology and genetics class in premed makes sense in such a wonderful way explained. Thank you!
@loslucky
8 жыл бұрын
+HeidiHdez1 haha yea. it was really entertaining. Before I knew it I was learning. She is sneaky :)
@hajaratutohomdet7578
8 жыл бұрын
Heidi's Tutori
@Artomedics
8 жыл бұрын
Hajaratu Tohomdet yes?
@asktheuniverse2718
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for spending the money and time to do this research for our benefit… We need to Learn to appreciate all research and development and really invest in it on a personal level, for our families future.
@traceyliv
Жыл бұрын
Why is she my favorite person ever ?
@Lawaviles
9 жыл бұрын
Love it, so informative.
@nicolarollinson4381
2 жыл бұрын
Quality on every level. I need to get my own buzz back. Thank you for sharing xx
@foodhasastory5605
2 жыл бұрын
This is the very science that is helping solve depression and neurological diseases if you can find the right functional medicine doctor or nutritionist.
@karinamatos4253
8 жыл бұрын
She is so smart! I would love to hear more of her.
@Linda.E
2 жыл бұрын
You’re a wonderful teacher 💗
@davidlee8406
Жыл бұрын
One of top 10 Ted Talk Talks👍
@freeshrugs63
6 ай бұрын
Wow! Celebrate the possibilities! What a lift after listening to physicists and neuroscientists talk about free will and how we don't have it, mostly.
@dionysusnow
7 жыл бұрын
Wonderful presentation with great enthusiasm, I would add that DNA is destiny but Multiple destinies are written within.
@tb3993
8 жыл бұрын
AMAZING INFO... AMAZING LADY!!!!! THANK YOU!!!
@emotrashx
2 жыл бұрын
I love this woman. Her research might be the thing that keeps me sober for good!
@user-ei8rb7sj6c
2 жыл бұрын
jubean, For your sake, I hope so. Alcoholism began taking over my son’s life when he was a teenager. It was heartbreaking to watch his downward spiral. Ultimately, his liver, kidneys, pancreas, and heart gave out, and he died of a massive heart attack. He was only 43. Save yourself before it’s too late. 😢
@emotrashx
2 жыл бұрын
@@user-ei8rb7sj6c I am so sorry to hear that you went through that and that your son suffered so much. I too began drinking alcoholically at age 14. I had a period of long sobriety but relapsed and since it’s just been constant relapse. Almost a month now without drugs and alcohol. Thank you for sharing 😪
@margaritasilva708
Жыл бұрын
Fantastic conference ! Love it
@asubean1
6 жыл бұрын
Omg. I LOVE her. She is my spirit animal!! Although I was hoping she’d talk about when you have a MTHFR mutation.
@Redhead77
7 жыл бұрын
Absolutely brilliant! Can't wait to learn more!
@kalanathan2467
5 жыл бұрын
Interesting how the tree kind of tapers in impact after 3 generations. In Hindu culture, in any ancestral associations used whether when we articulate lineage during weddings or during annual death anniversary of anyone, we always go back to 3 generations.. parent, grandparent and greatgrandparent! Interesting that science now proves that there is actually a scientific connection to that thought process.. method to the madness in proof ! Not trying to talk about Hinduism, but that connection is one of the first things that popped into my head! And the fact that we can alter our destiny by our actions and thoughts ! 🙏
@nandamaharjan2985
4 жыл бұрын
All my childhood and during my early adulthood I have been a rebellious stubborn girl who couldn’t wait to leave her country. I left home and went overseas only to realise the beauty of eastern way of living. Now in my late 20s, I’m learning the essence of eastern tradition, yoga, spirituality and Hinduism. We believed that our tradition was superstition because we were “educated”. I laugh at this now, modern education is only half knowledge and half knowledge is dangerous. It is only good to boost the ego of “intellectual people” 😁
@RD9_Designs
Жыл бұрын
My genes gave me psoriatic arthritis, so I'm doing Keto - specifically, the anti-inflammatory diet, (with Kale) to take my body back. The fibromyalgia is gone, and the chronic fatigue... still working on the inflammation, but it's getting there!
@yvetteamandacastro259
9 жыл бұрын
Funny yet informative. I love her talks :)
@rythezooguy5866
7 жыл бұрын
Absolutely hilarious and very eye-opening! She's selling epigenetics very well for an aspiring geneticist :)
@kimberlieweaver2624
4 жыл бұрын
That soup recipe looks 🔥
@learningtosewwithmrs.colli4603
2 жыл бұрын
So informative and inspiring! Thank you so very much!
@margarcon
4 жыл бұрын
Epigenetics began way before 2008. I remember hearing about it in the 1990's on BAI radio in NYC. Apparently, it really began in 1942.
@giftokeze4926
3 жыл бұрын
yeahhh, Conrad Waddington first came with the definition of Epigenetics in the 1940s saying "Epigenetics is the branch of biology that studies the casual interactions between genes and their products which bring the phenotype into being." I'm surprised that was not mentioned. Either the video was still great in my opinion, I enjoyed it and can see the topic in a new perspective.
@edithnell227
10 жыл бұрын
The visionary work of Francis M. Pottenger and Weston A. Price in the early 20th Century alerted readers to this generational (epigenetic) effect. In his 'Nutrition and Physical Degeneration' (1939) Price detailed, with accompanying photos, the damage caused to the children of parents who had adopted modern devitalised foods as these became available in their remote corners of the world. 'Pottenger's Cats' details how poor nutrition in cats took several generations to reverse, with many cats unable to reproduce beyond the third generation. Sound familiar ? It's happening to us. A shame it has taken so many years, but at last the scientific community is recognising epigenetics. Thank you Dr. Peeke.
@SaqlainRaza-kp4dk
8 ай бұрын
Good to see you dr peeke this video uploaded on Tedx 10years ago and I am going to see this in 2024...😊❤😮
@o00.05
8 жыл бұрын
Before Epigenetics there was Dr Pottenger's Cats Studies (and especially his personal notes) of the 1930/40 era where it was shown the disastrous effect of cooked foods, especially through the generations, and the benefit of a natural diet. It seems, today, that the scientists are only now catching-up with Pottenger's findings, some 75 years later! Well done for academe, a brilliant lot!
@Chris-kr7gg
2 жыл бұрын
Have you ever tried eating a raw potato or egg?
@amyrenee1361
Жыл бұрын
@@Chris-kr7gg the voice of sanity 😉 Science is not the begin all and end all. It leaves out the irrational truths of our existence. It's what some people need in order to feel in control. Take these teachings with a grain of salt. Whatever brings joy and peace in your world, it is blessed. Love your life and live it on your terms. We all have to die, no amount of information will prevent that. So live life fully. Potatoes and eggs are good👍
@norlesh
2 жыл бұрын
Pressed play because of the topic; paid attention because of the speaker.
@wild-hernessaerialist6440
2 жыл бұрын
That was awesome. 11:44pm I should be going to bed & I'm learning about "methylation". Ha, if only more people were into it 😄🤸🏼♀️🧘🏼♀️
@RichardCurryO
9 жыл бұрын
. . . DNA is not destiny. It is a starting point for your epigenetic journey. Everything you do, eat, think, etc. can affect gene expression. Methylate your genes with greens which are biochemical methyl donors: veggies are healthy eating and profoundly affect health. (no news there, eh?) Entertaining and interesting talk by a doctor!
@허유선-y4m
3 жыл бұрын
She has a empowering mind!
@Rintesh-Roy
Жыл бұрын
👏👏👏 Most enjoyable speech I came across!
@sarahlilly5319
5 жыл бұрын
I love this woman
@barbarablount4272
6 жыл бұрын
Love her.
@kristineshahoyan2841
5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for blowin' my mind, I am sitting with my mouth wide open
@Spectacullar
Жыл бұрын
Just got hooked up to the topic and after watching this incredible video, I am more interested. Thank you Dr. Pam
@ranishshrestha3502
9 жыл бұрын
I absolutely love this video
@vindikaur7127
2 жыл бұрын
Absolutely delightful ways to convey important info. luved the humor and so witty
@danluther1741
Жыл бұрын
Brilliant!!
@dustinarmogeda474
7 жыл бұрын
It still just comes down to "you are what you eat and do". Now that phrase has a new name. Wow, thank you for telling us all something we already knew. She just stretched a five word phrase into a twenty minute Ted talk.
@albertpachak
10 жыл бұрын
Excellent talk!!!
@Kobe29261
9 жыл бұрын
I love her!
@LouiseSapphire
Жыл бұрын
She's an amazing public speaker! I learned a lot from this video!
@shadowplaysgameplaystm8437
Жыл бұрын
she sucks, not funny at all
@lyudmylashchukina1600
9 жыл бұрын
This is a very, very interesting and useful talk. Thank you, I listen to it several times. I need to do DNA - MTHFR tests for all my family to check methylation process.
@pityparty9955
Жыл бұрын
Both parents ate 1950s food, smoked and drank.
@galeg.3427
2 жыл бұрын
Brilliant, fun and inspiring! Thank you!
@qwk304
8 жыл бұрын
I love these talks
@alamedvav
7 жыл бұрын
What an eloquent and perhaps charismatic speaker, ..for a scientist.
@LarryCleveland
6 жыл бұрын
Most don’t know that from this information, Merk pharma came out with methyl folate The body have to take off the methyl group before folate gets in the cell. I was surprised to learn this because of the mthfr mutation movement is so strong. Then I learned, even if one has the mutation, taking methylated folate is not necessary. The body is intelligent that it will compensate if enough folate is given it. I have the biochemical pathways to show the science of it. I’m so glad she didn’t go there talking about methylated B vitamin supplements.
@Unablebad4
28 күн бұрын
That right pic on the thumbnail is insane
@pijno
Жыл бұрын
I thought she was Cate Blanchett giving a science TED Talk. Her speaking is so powerful like Cate!
@punkkauz
2 жыл бұрын
great presentation
@lindarichmond1197
Жыл бұрын
Wonderful! Thank you, Doctor.
@AzEagletarian
Жыл бұрын
My paternal grandparents immigrated to the US from Italy by ship. This could be why I have a deep emotional aversion to being on ships. I've read that epigenetic theory isn't limited to food history of my forebears.
@konradskalski4713
8 жыл бұрын
So I was eating up enough kcal just from veggies and meat , I fuel up myself with methyl donor( or methol not really sure how to spell that) , I exercise 5 times a week for 1 hour and... My weight is around 260 lbs... So I heard that was the solution. What I heard after one year? You need to exercise more in order to lose weight since my diet ( which I was very honest and strict with -> just telling it was just about 1800kcal while my body needs roughly 3000, in theory i should lose 1kg per week without even exercising, but I exercise and my weight is still same!) No, I don't have diabetes and no I don't have thyroid problems. Seem those genetics aren't really where they should be.... I guess... Also you can't sleep much guys, yup... that's true because sleeping transforms sugar ( which you maybe maximum of 10-20g from the veggies) into fat... Holy hell. I can run for 8 miles straight while being as fat I am (nope I have't got any leaner either) So where's my healthy life full of muscles and stuff? Noooooooooooooooooo idea. So then what happened? You know where was my problem ? It's not brain, genetic problems etc. I said 'fuck this !' moved on and done what I always felt was right and suddenly I lose 30 lbs in just a month. How? I'VE HAD ENOUGH OF SLEEP which turnt all the sugar I've ate to fat ( which is actually the basic fuel of humans body). My diet was less strict ( i ate around 2000kcal a day, with 4000 once per week) i started to exercise 3 times a week instead of 5 and for 45 mins at home ( sometimes went for a jog). The factor is... stress, the diet and exercise put me on way too big stress on my body which lead problems like metabolism slowing down etc. my advice to you all my friends. Now I am 200 lbs and a lot more lean but not with 6 pack and stuff, but I live a happy and healthy life. Don't put too much stress with yourself, smile, go party, have a drink. Everything is for humans. EVERYTHING. Being happy, getting happier, being loved, feeling someones touch and getting attention of the person you feel are important to you are the biggest recipe to lose weight. If you've read that whole, congratulations. Now don't believe bullshits because" we discovered that !" holy crap they didn't discover that at all, we all knew that for years ( probably around 40 maybe even 50) Tip number 2-> let your family know and make them support you, there's nothing more frustrating than the beautiful fried rice meal with even more beautiful fried duck and tons of sauces in front of you but you can't eat it ( With my advice, you can. Once per week but you can) Treat yourself right and have a proper diet that doesn't feel stressful but is healthy. THIS IS THE KEY TO HEALTHIER LIFE !
@citylife2394
5 жыл бұрын
+I have some health problems, but every time I try to lose weight I get worse. About 10 years ago I went to the gym at least 5 days a week for 3-4 hours at a time & followed a 1200 calorie diet. At the end of 8 weeks, I was 5 pounds heavier & weak & my range was 1 1/2 inches less than when I started.
@sacramentallyill
5 жыл бұрын
Meth
@HGAOHC08
5 жыл бұрын
Calorie restriction was making your metabolism slow down, you rather do fasting search for jason fung on youtube, hope this help, also do a diet low in carbs and high in good fats
@tone3560
5 жыл бұрын
Keto and 16hr fasting
@bruce_c_in_nz
4 жыл бұрын
With that amount of exercise, you'd be adding muscle mass @@citylife2394
@katiemoyer8679
8 жыл бұрын
She had me at have you ate your kale today?
@chrisisrad
6 жыл бұрын
“Know thy enemy” 😂😂😂
@spy6288
10 жыл бұрын
I like you already because you speak the truth !!
@merrel11
Жыл бұрын
Excellent presentation!
@JUANCARLOS1931
8 жыл бұрын
Can a bald guy grow new hair pressing the Ctrl Alt Del grow hair again key in the epigenetic keyboard of the mind?
@yibanamruiter958
4 жыл бұрын
I choked on my ice cream when she said diabetes with reference to genetics.
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