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The fabric GSM (Grams per Square Meter) test is a standard method used to determine the weight of fabric per unit area. This measurement is crucial for assessing the quality, durability, and suitability of fabric for various applications. Here’s a step-by-step guide to performing the GSM test:
Materials and Equipment Needed
Fabric Sample: The piece of fabric to be tested.
GSM Cutter: A round cutter used to cut a specific area of the fabric, typically 100 cm².
Weighing Scale: A precision scale capable of measuring in grams.
Cutting Board: A board to protect surfaces while cutting the fabric.
Ruler or Measuring Tape: To measure the fabric dimensions if a GSM cutter is not available.
Step-by-Step Procedure
Preparation:
Ensure the fabric sample is clean and free from any foreign matter.
Condition the fabric sample by exposing it to standard atmospheric conditions (usually 65% relative humidity and 21°C) for at least 24 hours if precise results are needed.
Cutting the Fabric:
Use the GSM cutter to cut a sample from the fabric. The GSM cutter typically cuts a circular piece of fabric with an area of 100 cm². Ensure that the cutter is placed on the cutting board for a clean cut.
If a GSM cutter is not available, you can cut a square or rectangular piece manually. Measure the length and width of the piece accurately.
Weighing the Fabric:
Place the cut fabric sample on the weighing scale.
Record the weight in grams. Ensure the scale is calibrated and precise for accurate measurement.
Calculating GSM:
If you used a GSM cutter with a predefined area (100 cm²), simply multiply the weight (in grams) by 100 to get the GSM.
GSM
=
Weight of fabric sample (grams)
×
100
GSM=Weight of fabric sample (grams)×100
If you cut the fabric manually, calculate the area of the fabric piece in square meters.
Area
=
Length (meters)
×
Width (meters)
Area=Length (meters)×Width (meters)
Then, use the following formula to calculate GSM:
GSM
=
Weight of fabric sample (grams)
Area of fabric sample (square meters)
GSM=
Area of fabric sample (square meters)
Weight of fabric sample (grams)
Example Calculation
Using a GSM Cutter:
Weight of the 100 cm² fabric sample = 1.5 grams
GSM = 1.5 grams × 100 = 150 GSM
Manual Cutting:
Length of fabric sample = 10 cm (0.1 meters)
Width of fabric sample = 10 cm (0.1 meters)
Area = 0.1 meters × 0.1 meters = 0.01 square meters
Weight of fabric sample = 1.5 grams
GSM = 1.5 grams / 0.01 square meters = 150 GSM
Importance of GSM in Textiles
Quality Assessment: Higher GSM indicates a heavier and often higher quality fabric, while lower GSM indicates a lighter fabric.
Suitability for Purpose: Different applications require different GSM levels. For instance, lightweight fabrics (low GSM) are preferred for summer clothing, while heavier fabrics (high GSM) are suitable for winter garments.
Durability and Strength: Higher GSM fabrics tend to be more durable and resistant to wear and tear, making them suitable for upholstery, bags, and industrial applications.
Cost Calculation: GSM is a critical factor in determining the cost of the fabric, as heavier fabrics generally cost more.
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