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Bell's Palsy / Facial Palsy/ Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Facial Palsy/ Central Facial Palsy
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Facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve or simply CN VII)
Facial nerve emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, controls the muscles of facial expression.
Nucleus
The cell bodies for the facial nerve are grouped in anatomical areas called nuclei or ganglia. The cell bodies for the afferent nerves are found in the geniculate ganglion for taste sensation. The cell bodies for muscular efferent nerves are found in the facial motor nucleus whereas the cell bodies for the parasympathetic efferent nerves are found in the superior salivatory nucleus.
Intracranial branches:-
1. Greater petrosal nerve - provides parasympathetic innervation to several glands, including nasal gland, palatine gland, lacrimal gland, and pharyngeal gland. It also provides parasympathetic innervation to the paranasal air sinuses and nasal cavity.
2. Nerve to stapedius - provides motor innervation for stapedius muscle in middle ear
3. Chorda tympani- provides parasympathetic innervation to Submandibular and Sublingual gland. also carry taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Extracranial branches:-
1. Posterior auricular nerve
2. Branch to Posterior belly of Digastric muscle as well as the Stylohyoid muscle
3. Five major facial branches (in parotid gland) - from top to bottom
Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch
Function
1. Facial expression
2. Taste sensation
Facial nerve receives taste sensations from anterior two-thirds of the tongue via chorda tympani; taste sensation is sent to the gustatory portion (superior part) of the solitary nucleus. General sensation from the anterior two-thirds of tongue are supplied by afferent fibers of the third division of the fifth cranial nerve (V-3). These sensory (V-3) and taste (VII) fibers travel together as the lingual nerve briefly before the chorda tympani leaves the lingual nerve to enter the tympanic cavity (middle ear) via the petrotympanic fissure. It joins the rest of the facial nerve via the canaliculus for chorda tympani. The facial nerve then forms the geniculate ganglion, which contains the cell bodies of the taste fibers of chorda tympani and other taste and sensory pathways. From the geniculate ganglion the taste fibers continue as the intermediate nerve. The intermediate nerve reaches the posterior cranial fossa via the internal acoustic meatus before synapsing in the solitary nucleus.
3. The facial nerve also supplies parasympathetic fibers to submandibular and sublingual glands via chorda tympani. Parasympathetic innervation serves to increase the flow of saliva from these glands. It also supplies parasympathetic innervation to the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion. The parasympathetic fibers that travel in the facial nerve originate in the superior salivary nucleus.
4. Facial nerve also carries GVA, general visceral afferent fibers, which provide sensation to the soft palate and nasal cavity.
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Thank you
Smart Med Learn
Dr. Ankit Jain
MBBS, MS
Негізгі бет Facial Nerve - Functional Components, Course & Branches/ Anatomy/ Simplified
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