Title: Ferry's Black Body
A body that absorbs all the heat radiation falling on it is called a black body. A perfectly black body does not reflect or transmit radiations therefore appears black. A good absorber is a good radiator. A black body is a good absorber, therefore, it is also a good radiator. Such a body can emit at the fastest rate. The radiation by a black body is cailed black body radiation. A perfectly black body is also known as an ideal radiator.
Black body: In practice no substances or surface strictly exhibits the properties of a blackbody. A lamp-black and platinum-black surface may be considered as perfectly black body. But they are not perfect black bodies. However the bodies showing close approximation to the perfect black body can be constructed and realised in practice. Ferry's blackbody is considered one of the black body which is realised in practice. Ferry's black body consists of a double walled hollow copper sphere with a small fine hole O in the surface. The inner walls are painted with lamp black or planium black while the outer surface are nickel polished. The space between the walls is evacuated so that no heat is lost through conduction or convention. The copper sphere is heated from outside and maintained at a constant temperature. When the radiations enter the sphere through the opening O, they suffer multiple reflections on the inner walls and are completely absorbed finally. In order to avoid the direct reflection of the radiation from the inner surface a pointed projection P is made in front of the hole O as shown in fig. When this sphere is placed in a hot bath of suitable temperature, the heat radiations from the hole come out continuously Thus the small hole, not the wall of the sphere acts as a black body.
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