The engine of the bike has to be provided with an air fuel mixture for proper combustion inside. So the mixture if not proper does not provide a proper balance leading to improper performance. For an average bike using unleaded fuel the mixture has to be in the range of 12-14.7 parts of air to one part of fuel. This is the band where the maximum performance with most efficiency is found.
Now in this there are terms like a lean mix and a rich mix. When the amount of fuel to air is on the higher side (i.e. 12) then it is a rich mixture to bring out the maximum performance. But when the same figure hovers around 14.7 then it is a lean mix to bring out the highest efficiency by compromising on performance. This is what has to be manually adjusted on a carburetor using a big screwdriver.
All these hassles are taken care of in a Fuel Injection Unit. For starters it is electronically controlled using an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). It contains fuel maps which adjust the air fuel mixture according to the riding conditions.
When the engine is running, instead of regular valves, the fuel from the pressure pump is directly injected into the combustion chamber using nozzles. The sensor attached to the nozzle makes sure the right amount of fuel is inserted inside. This rate of fuel injection is controlled by the ECU. So for an economical ride the mixture is kept lean while the performance mapping allows for a rich mixture.
Now this is all theoretical explanation, but when we check out how the function is in the real world, it is all very fast. Consider this for starters, when you are riding in the city traffic, that means continuous stop and go; in this case the ECU is continuously monitoring your throttle input. When the throttle is given a gentle pull, the lean mixture is provided; but if you give a sudden pull of outright acceleration, a rich mixture is allowed for maximum power.
The same is in the case of cruising. While you are cruising on the highway at a steady pace, the ECU calculates the right mixture for the fueling and hence provides a combination of lean and semi-rich mixture alternately to give the best output. But when you give a sudden pull to the throttle, the ECU detects it immediately and gives a rich mixture. All these capabilities are only possible for fuel injection and not for carburetors.
#FIvsCARBURETOR #Bikes #Motorcycle
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