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Gabapentin is a medication commonly prescribed for conditions like epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and, in some cases, anxiety disorders. While it is generally considered safe when used as prescribed, long-term use of gabapentin can lead to several potential side effects. These may include:
Cognitive Impairment: Long-term use may cause difficulties with memory, concentration, and other cognitive functions.
Dependence and Withdrawal: While gabapentin is not classified as a controlled substance in many places, there is evidence that long-term use can lead to physical dependence. Abrupt discontinuation can result in withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, nausea, pain, and sweating.
Weight Gain: Prolonged use of gabapentin can lead to weight gain in some individuals.
Peripheral Edema: This refers to swelling, usually in the lower extremities, due to fluid retention. Long-term gabapentin use can increase the risk of developing edema.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Some people may experience chronic gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation or diarrhea, with long-term use.
Mood Changes: Gabapentin can affect mood, leading to increased risk of depression, anxiety, or mood swings over time.
Respiratory Depression: When used in combination with other CNS depressants (like opioids or benzodiazepines), gabapentin can increase the risk of respiratory depression.
Bone Density: Long-term use of gabapentin may be associated with a reduction in bone density, potentially increasing the risk of fractures.
Sexual Dysfunction: Some users report decreased libido or difficulties with sexual function during long-term use.
Fatigue and Drowsiness: Persistent drowsiness and fatigue can occur, which might affect daily functioning.
Increased Risk of Suicidal Thoughts: Gabapentin has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in some individuals, especially with long-term use.
It's important for anyone on gabapentin to have regular follow-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor for potential side effects and to adjust the dosage or switch medications if necessary.
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