Welcome to our comprehensive presentation on genetics! In this video, we’ll explore the foundational concepts of genetics, including where genes are located, what genes and alleles are, and how probability charts help us understand genetic inheritance.
🔍 Table of Contents:
What is genetics?
Where are genes located?
What are genes?
What are alleles?
What are probability charts?
Topics Covered:
What is Genetics?
In the last century, research has revealed why some people inherit certain traits while others do not. The answer lies within the cell!
Where are the Genes?
Genes are located inside each cell, specifically in the nucleus, which is the most crucial part of the cell.
Nucleus: Located in the center of the cell, surrounded by a membrane that keeps all the chromosomes inside.
Chromosomes: There are 23 pairs of chromosomes inside each cell. They become more evident during cell division.
DNA: DNA is a polymer of nucleotides, forming a polynucleotide.
Alphabet: The human genome consists of 4 letters:
Purine bases: Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
Pyrimidine bases: Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C)
What are Genes?
Genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to over 2 million bases.
Composed of segments of DNA, genes act as instructions to produce molecules called proteins. Some do not encode proteins.
A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.
What are Alleles?
An allele is each of the two or more versions of a gene.
Individuals inherit two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
Alleles are located at the same position within homologous chromosomes.
Homozygous: Identical alleles for a gene.
Heterozygous: Different alleles for a gene.
What are Probability Charts?
Diagrams used to determine the probability of an offspring having a certain genotype.
Allow observation of all possible combinations of alleles.
Dominant alleles are represented with uppercase letters, and recessive alleles with lowercase letters.
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