Communism in the USSR emerged after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks established the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which later became the USSR in 1922. Under Lenin and then Joseph Stalin, the government centralized control, collectivized agriculture, and implemented Five-Year Plans for industrialization. The state sought to create a classless society, but the regime was characterized by authoritarianism, repression, and a planned economy, with the Communist Party wielding centralized power. The USSR collapsed in 1991 due to economic stagnation, political issues, and societal discontent.
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