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Complete history of Siyal caste.
History of Siyal till to day
Shijra Siyal.
Caste system in Pakistan.
Caste system in India.
Caste system in Sindh.
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Who is Siyal.
What is Siyal.
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History. During the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century periods of the Mughal empire, the Sial and Kharal tribes were dominant in parts of the lower Bari and Rachna doabs of Punjab. In the 18th century, Sial chief Walidad Khan gained control of Rechna Doab including cities of Chiniot, Pindi Bhattian, Jhang and Mankera.
The early history of Jhang District is unclear.[4] It is heavily intertwined with the historically dominant Sial tribe, who founded the city of Jhang in 1462.[4] But they were not particularly powerful until the first half of the 18th century - they were originally just one of several pastoral tribes living in the area, and they were tributaries of the more powerful Nauls.[4] Babur does not mention the Sials at all in the early-16th-century Baburnama, although he does refer to the regions of Bhera, Khushab, Chiniot, Chenab, and (possibly) Shorkot.[4] Gradually, however, the Sials gained preeminence over the other tribes and came to collect tribute from them.[4]
Various independent branches of the Sials existed up until the reign of Walidad Khan in the early 18th century (the exact date is not clear).[4] Walidad Khan inherited rulership of the branch based at Jhang's fort, but he only ruled a small area at first.[4] Other branches of the Sials at the time were based at Rashidpur, across the Chenab and close relatives (and allies) of Walidad Khan; at Massan in the Vichanh, whose ruler belonged to the Sahibana branch; and at Mirak Sial to the south, whose ruler was part of the Nithrana branch.[4] Other independent rulers included the Mahnis of Khiwa, the Sayyids of Shah Jiwana, the Rihans of Kalowal, and the Kharals of Kamalia.[4]
Walidad Khan was a successful ruler who ended up ruling over a large kingdom with Jhang as his capital.[4] He died in 1747 and was succeeded as ruler by Inayatullah Khan, who was his nephew and son-in-law.[4] Inayatullah Khan was also skilled as an administrator and military leader, but the ascendant Sikh Confederacy was beginning to impose its authority over this region.[4] In 1760, Hari Singh of the Bhangi Misl sacked Jhang and made Inayatullah into his tributary; Inayatullah suspended paying tribute in 1778 and captured Chiniot from the Bhangis, but it had apparently come back under their control by the time he died in 1787.[4]
Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, captured Chiniot from the Bhangis in 1803 and intended to attack Jhang, but the reigning Sial leader Ahmad Khan agreed to become his tributary before he did so.[4] He paid an annual tribute of 70,000 rupees and one mare for a couple of years before Ranjit Singh invaded again.[4] Ahmad Khan offered to pay him nazarana, but Ranjit Singh refused and went on to capture Jhang.[4] Ahmad Khan fled to Multan, where he found refuge with the Nawab, Muzaffar Khan.[4] Meanwhile, Ranjit Singh parcelled out the tax farming rights for the conquered Sial territory among his followers: the Vichanh area was given jointly to Dyal Singh and Fateh Singh Lamah, while the rest went to Fateh Singh Kalianwala.
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