The French kings across different dynasties were often related by blood, though the degree of relation varied. The dynasties that ruled France include the Merovingian, Carolingian, Capetian, Valois, Bourbon, and Bonaparte families. These dynasties often intermarried for political alliances, which means many kings were related to some extent.
For example, the Capetian dynasty, which started with Hugh Capet in 987, is considered the longest-ruling royal house in the history of Europe. It branched out into several cadet branches, including the Houses of Valois and Bourbon, which were all part of the larger Capetian family. The Valois and Bourbon kings were direct male-line descendants of the Capetians, thus sharing a common ancestor in Hugh Capet.
The transition from one dynasty to another sometimes occurred through the female line or through more distant blood relations, which still maintained a blood connection among the different dynasties. For instance, the Bourbon dynasty descended from Louis IX (Saint Louis) through his sixth son, Robert, Count of Clermont.
The intricate web of marriages and blood relations among European royalty meant that even when dynastic changes occurred, the new ruling house was often already related to the previous one. This was a common practice to ensure the legitimacy of succession and to maintain alliances between powerful families throughout Europe.
For a detailed view of the blood relations among French monarchs, one can refer to the family trees that trace the lineage of these kings, showing the connections between the different dynasties.
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