In ancient Islamic societies, social ranking was influenced by a variety of factors including religious beliefs, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Here’s a brief overview:
Religious Beliefs: The Muslim community was generally at the top of the social hierarchy. Non-Muslims, known as dhimmis, were protected but had to pay a special tax called jizya.
Ethnicity: Initially, Arab Muslims held a higher status over non-Arab Muslims, who were referred to as mawali.
Gender: Women’s status varied greatly, often depending on their socioeconomic status and political context.
Socioeconomic Status: Wealth and political office could elevate an individual’s social standing. The Islamic ideal promoted a meritocratic society where personal qualities could allow one to rise in status.
This structure evolved over time, especially as power shifted from centralized caliphates like the Umayyads and Abbasids to smaller, decentralized regional powers.
It’s important to note that these rankings and the degree of strictness in their application could vary significantly based on the region and the ruling powers at the time.
Негізгі бет History Revealed: The Ranking of Ancient Islamic World
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