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Working of Fuel Injection Pump (FIP).
This fuel injection pump or an FIP is the heart of an automobile and engine is the stomach. The function of heart is to pump the fuel and the function of stomach is to process it to energy. This iswhat exactly an FIP and an engine are doing. FIP is pumping the fuel to the engine and engine is processed it and delivers as torque.
Main component s of a rotary FIP:
1. Drive shaft
2. Governor weight retainer
3. Head
4. Metering valve
5. Rotor
6. Throttle shaft
7. Governor arm
The internal components as mentioned above are shown in the figures attached and also explained in the videos.
Drive shaft: this part is connected to the engine, from where it is receiving its drive.
Governor weight retainer: this unit is linked to the drive shat and looks like a flower with 4-6 petals. These petals will be having weights inside.
Head: as shown in the figure, this is the part to which the injectors, metering valve; rotor connected etc hence the most integral part of an FIP.
Metering valve: this is a part of the head and is connected through internal galleries to the rotor pump.
Rotor: this is a type of vane pump, which is use to pump the fuel.
Throttle shaft: the accelerator cable is been connected to the throttle shaft.
Governor arm: the governor is linked to the throttle lever through the governor arm.
Working of a fuel injection pump (rotor type) explained:
As the drive shaft rotates, the governor weight retainer also rotates. The governor weight retainer works with the principle of centrifugal force. As the governor weight retained rotates its pushes the weights inside the petals of the governor and intern pushes the governor arm. As the governor arm moves towards the head, the metering valve also moves and closes the gallery inside the head (connecting the rotor pump and metering valve) cutting or limiting the fuel supply. Through internal galleries of the metering valve injectors are connected.
Let's see how the fuel demand occurs: as show in the figure and also explained in the videos, the accelerator cable is connected to the throttle shaft. So as the driver operated the accelerator pedal the fuel demand occurs. The throttle lever pushes the governor arm backwards and hence the metering valve moves as it is linked to the governor arm. This will result in the opening of the internal port metering valve to rotor and fuel is supplied.
So the cross functions of the governor arm and throttle lever creates the fuel demand. This are controlled by the engine RPM and driver accelerating.
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