This is a rough overview of how DPI works. It is important to realize that your ISP (Internet Service Provider) is your gateway to the internet, they have the ability to read all the packets that go through your internet connection. This may be illegal in some countries, maybe not.
Most applications now use secure, encrypted channels (Client to server, not necessarily end to end) - such as websites using HTTPS, which means the ISP cannot see the actual messages / information you exchange. But even with HTTPS, or a 3rd party DNS, it is possible to know what websites you visit, in most cases.
This video covers how that information is "leaked" and how ISPs like Jio, Airtel, etc. are able to block torrent and porn websites, even on HTTPS.
Негізгі бет Ғылым және технология How ISPs block websites with DPI - Technical Dive (Deep Packet Inspection)
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