How to find the percent of a number is a vital everyday skill because percentages give people a sense of scale or proportion. Although in theory a percentage can assume any numerical value, in practice, most of them fall between 0 and 100 (or 0 and −100). Using the percentage formula allows you to gain a sense of, for example, how "tilted" a survey or poll result might be in favor of one side.
1. How to calculate percentage of a number. Use the percentage formula: P% * X = Y
Example: What is 10% of 150?
Convert the problem to an equation using the percentage formula: P% * X = Y
P is 10%, X is 150, so the equation is 10% * 150 = Y
Convert 10% to a decimal by removing the percent sign and dividing by 100: 10/100 = 0.10
Substitute 0.10 for 10% in the equation: 10% * 150 = Y becomes 0.10 * 150 = Y
Do the math: 0.10 * 150 = 15
Y = 15
So 10% of 150 is 15
Double check your answer with the original question: What is 10% of 150? Multiply 0.10 * 150 = 15
2. How to find what percent of X is Y. Use the percentage formula: Y/X = P%
Example: What percent of 60 is 12?
Convert the problem to an equation using the percentage formula: Y/X = P%
X is 60, Y is 12, so the equation is 12/60 = P%
Do the math: 12/60 = 0.20
Important! The result will always be in decimal form, not percentage form. You need to multiply the result by 100 to get the percentage.
Converting 0.20 to a percent: 0.20 * 100 = 20%
So 20% of 60 is 12.
Double check your answer with the original question: What percent of 60 is 12? 12/60 = 0.20, and multiplying by 100 to get percentage, 0.20 * 100 = 20%
3. How to find X if P percent of it is Y. Use the percentage formula Y/P% = X
Example: 25 is 20% of what number?
Convert the problem to an equation using the percentage formula: Y/P% = X
Y is 25, P% is 20, so the equation is 25/20% = X
Convert the percentage to a decimal by dividing by 100.
Converting 20% to a decimal: 20/100 = 0.20
Substitute 0.20 for 20% in the equation: 25/0.20 = X
Do the math: 25/0.20 = X
X = 125
So 25 is 20% of 125
Double check your answer with the original question: 25 is 20% of what number? 25/0.20 = 125
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