A few added notes here in relation to the video and some notes about resonance and vibration for those interested:
Mouthpiece:
to help the lips vibrate properly you do need to have the right size mouthpiece on your didge. It will vary from person to person, so if you are starting out, you will need to experiment to find the the size for you.
Using a tuner and the pushing practise:
When I talk about the use of a tuner, the didge you are using may or may not be in or near a certain key, eg say E or D or F etc. If you know what key the stick is meant to be (i.e. if you bought one from a didge maker with its listed key, (eg E or in between F & E) it can give you an idea of how close to that key or pitch you are when blowing a drone. But don't forget, when playing a rhythm the tuner will go up and down a bit due to variation of playing which is natural. And it's worth keeping in mind that the maker might always play at a slightly different pressure to you, which will affect the pitch or key slightly. Also the stick may change key very slightly depending on its material.... Eg, wood absorbs water and gets drier depending on humidity which can subtly change its pitch.
And it is possible to get the didge drone up to its key, eg F, just by blowing harder without having the proper lip vibration intensity/tension. Here, although you get to the right pitch or key it still won't sound like a nice crisp clear drone. This is because although you are blowing harder to raise the pitch, the combination of mouth air pressure and lip tension is not being converted properly into the right intensity of lip vibration or the lips have still not yet reached that finesse of vibration. However, as I mentioned in the video in 17.44 on timeline, you can practise pushing it up like this, now and then, so over a period of time it can eventually help to snap the lips to sync in the the key of the didge properly. For some this may work, for others it might not work. So, you can just experiment. And by playing and practising didge over time the crisper drone should improve naturally anyway. You don't need a tuner to practise your drone but I thought it may be helpful as a gauge if you want to use one.
Lip vibration and vibration on the didgeridoo:
It's all about vibration. The lips open and close continually as an oscillation, thus causing the didge air column inside and the didge itself to vibrate. "All objects have a natural frequency or resonant frequency, which you can think of as the frequency the object “likes” to vibrate at. For example, if you tap a crystal glass with a fingernail, it will start to vibrate at its resonant frequency and will produce a “ting” with a corresponding pitch. The frequency of vibration depends on the physical properties of the object" (from Sciencing.com).
In the case of a didgeridoo, its length and internal bore shape are main factors that determine the sticks resonant frequency/vibration. So when you apply your lips and vibrate your lips on a didgeridoo, the didge will want to vibrate at its natural fundamental resonant frequency (eg, 87 Hz key F), as long as you have the right combination of mouth air pressure and lip tension when blowing.
I am referring here to a 'standard' drone where the player aims to get the fundamental frequency of the didge. The fundamental is the lowest frequency or lowest rate of vibration that the didge can be played. So, for say an F stick, that means that it will want to resonate at its lowest frequency around 87Hz (cycles per second) or say key D at 73Hz or whatever the fundamental frequency the didge happens to be.
In the future you may want to learn to play a 'toot' on the didge. Here the toot tone is produced by tightening the lips even further, like on a trumpet, which makes the lips vibrate faster, producing a higher pitch on the didge. This toot is sometimes what beginners get when trying to get a drone, which means the lips are too tight and need slackening off so as to drop into the drone. Of course later on that tightening for the toot (or range of toots) can be useful for playing!
The fundamental drone which is a main prerequisite for playing is also a main staple of old school playing. But it is possible, with further lip control, to vary the pitch of the didge below the fundamental by a technique called multidrone. There are players out there these days using this technique.
It's fascinating how a 'simple' lip vibration can create such a wonderful sound in a didgeridoo or yidaki with all its richness of harmonics that give it its timbre. The harmonics themselves being many vibrations (frequencies) often going up to and beyond 10 kHz, just from the lips vibrating at say 80-90 Hz! And all this sound in turn goes into the ears, vibrating its tiny structures, so we hear and feel its sound. It all comes down to vibration. Quite amazing really!
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