Sreetips' dinner guest: "That's an interesting choice of toilet Sreetips. Stainless steel is very modern." Sreetips: "That's not stainless steel it's silver. Running out of places to store it and I feel very powerful going on a silver throne" :D :D
@DFPercush
Жыл бұрын
As a bonus, it's also anti-microbial!
@catch22frubert
Жыл бұрын
@@DFPercush i literally just came here to say exactly this! Or, he could pull all the copper out of the solutions he already got all the silver out of, 6 and make an antimicrobial copper toilet and he could electroplate it in silver so he doesn't waste too much silver. Just coat the copper with a couple mm of silver and boom, same antimicrobial effects, same look, and Sreetips gets to keep most of his pure silver crystal. That's what I would do, personally. This way, he can use the copper nitrate he has sitting around in solution.
@tassovarvarikos384
Жыл бұрын
What an operation!!! I applaud your attention to detail in how you manage the waste from all your refining. Excellent work!
@ut000bs
Жыл бұрын
When you really look at it, his setup there is pretty darn amazing. I think he has done a pretty good job.
@L3adb3lly
Жыл бұрын
This is my first cement silver and silver nitrate refinery video! Thanks for this!
@slimpickins09er87
Жыл бұрын
He has a 3 part series on refining sterling. It's very informative and he does the cementing out in a glass jar. You can you actually see it happen. It's my second favorite part of his videos, melting is the first.
@fatmirsejdini5992
Жыл бұрын
Thanks to this channel I now have 380 gram bar of gold., 85% karat gold stock. 14% gold filled, 1% e-scrap. Never again will touch e scrap. , gold filled uses to much acid . Refining karat gold can be done from start to finish in half a day.
@prestontucker6171
Жыл бұрын
Also, I think I just realized that Sreetips house is basically Heaven for sterling silver flatware...it's made, it has a useful life, it languishes in storage until someone decides to sell it to Mr. or Mrs. Sreetips, then it's broken down to its basic elements, purified, and crystallized in its purest form to be kept with all the other possibly trillions of other crystals that Sreetips has in his various undisclosed storage locations. 😄
@brianjay692
Жыл бұрын
As an ex-Automobile Technician I have to salute your awesome vacuum gauge! I have that same model in my tool box.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
It’s big and readable,
@user-qo3yy9nv1u
Жыл бұрын
Current mechanic. I haven't had to use a vacuum gauge in many moons. That is a good gauge though.
@busterclover3852
Жыл бұрын
another great vid and i watch them all but as an older fellow with hearing issues having the closed captions makes watching much more of a pleasure, help an old guy out, thanks.
@arcare001
Жыл бұрын
Thanks for the information. You have a very organized progression that you follow!
@beardedxj
Жыл бұрын
Received my silver crystal and gold sponge. Thank you! Beautiful specimens.
@CrimFerret
Жыл бұрын
As lovely as high purity gold is, the color of that ultra pure silver is also amazing.
@Antonowskyfly
Жыл бұрын
Fantastic process. Fairly simple and straightforward but the stress could easily well up if you’re not constantly at it leading to an overwhelming amount of work. Like juggling knives and Ming vases together. Thank you Sir!👍👍
@josephrupsis4623
Жыл бұрын
Maybe when you go to throw away the cemented copper out, you could instead send some of it to BigstackD. He does all sorts of melts/smelting and casts with copper, brass, and aluminum. Could be an interesting "collaboration" and we'd get to see your copper be used to make a bar or something.
@SpartanONegative
6 ай бұрын
That is quite the operation you have Sreetips. You make it look easy 🙏 God Bless
@ut000bs
Жыл бұрын
The only thing prettier than natural polished silver crystals are the same thing in gold. Silver crystals are part blinding reflection and part frosty wonder. They are amazing to actually see irl. Sr, do you have a camera capable of doing a closeup of some of the crystals? Remember the gold ones? Wow. Once again, my thanks and appreciation.
@jamisontaylor878
Жыл бұрын
Excellent video thank you for sharing your system and expertise with us!!!! One of my favorite hobbies by far!!! My copper almost pays for my nitric acid now
@jozefigueiredo8792
10 ай бұрын
Where do you buy the nitric acid? Thx
@jamisontaylor878
10 ай бұрын
@jozefigueiredo8792 I think it's lab core just Google it, can't buy on Amazon. Prices vary all over the board and cheap prices means you pay more on shipping
@JamesSkellington-xj8nn
Жыл бұрын
Nice very interesting and informative . These videos are so cool to watch . Because it shows us the viewers tips on what to do with our scrap precious metals .
@coloradopatriotbaker3069
Жыл бұрын
Awesome! thank you Sreetips. Love the silver videos.
@Mike1-
Жыл бұрын
I have learned so much from watching just a couple of your videos thank you I’m glad I found your channel 👍🏽
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Welcome!
@rhetthagstrom5797
2 ай бұрын
Love it. Make it look easy, although it isn’t. It is still inspiring me to start my own small scale project.
@mattjirgal1676
Жыл бұрын
Great video. Really clarified the whole process. Would it make sence to add a lot of water to the cement silver bucket and mix it around in there to dilute the blue liquid? I'm thinking you could then use a vacuum to remove the rinse off the top once it settled, and repeat a few times. Mixing the hot water around in that small container with trying tk avoid tearing the filter paper seems like a real chore
@saeedTHEgreat
Жыл бұрын
makes sense to me
@patrickaussieMilartry
Жыл бұрын
It probably would perhaps speed things up but I think this is more for the novice. The main bucket of silver cement must weigh many kilos. So I may be wrong but he is probably showing it like this for people doing small scale production. And also the purity is also his main goal.
@arnedalbakk6315
Жыл бұрын
Hello Mr sreetips. Arne here🙂. Thank you that you let the clip coming😀. Remember to rest also. Have a Nice Day both of you. Nice clip...
@djanes7210
Жыл бұрын
Very nice. Thank you for Sharing your time and knowledge
@scrapwomblecreatives6944
Жыл бұрын
love watching you at work and if you listen well you find out much more iron to bring copper out of solution i did not even know-that. coper to cement out silver -its like watching a master crafts man at work each show
@mhughes1160
Жыл бұрын
Sreetips the only guy that scoops silver like most people scoop ice cream 🍨. LoL 😂
@kennyarmer4092
Жыл бұрын
Wow, you stay busy with the silver,thanks for sharing!
@SteelerStacker33
Жыл бұрын
So cool you share these with us… WOW
@senslayer5052
Жыл бұрын
I had absolutely zero insight about this stuff until I came across this channel. It's really cool
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Welcome!
@adamrobbins2091
Жыл бұрын
Learning more and more! Have a silver cell running now!
@scrappydoo7887
Жыл бұрын
I do love the blue of silver nitrate. Beautiful
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
Clean silver nitrate is colorless like distilled water. Blue comes from the copper that is also contained in those (impure) solutions.
@scrappydoo7887
Жыл бұрын
@@bormisha yes I know. I was taking about the video
@racecar2933
Жыл бұрын
I love it! Still stacking until I can start to refine.
@scottindestin4292
Жыл бұрын
There need to be a 24 hour Sreetips channel. Constant refining. I want my SreeTV..........
@burriedhistory
Жыл бұрын
Awesome tutorial. Thank you.
@eddiel7033
Жыл бұрын
What a horrible problem to have, all those silver solutions backing up!
@Ninja_Mittens
Жыл бұрын
so many good episodes this week! Hope you're doing well sir
@billasegan3261
Жыл бұрын
I CAN'T WAIT FOR you to melt up a huge bar of silver. This is pretty cool stuff SREETIPS . GOOD FOR A LIKE AND A THUMBS UP 👍
@LexYeen
Жыл бұрын
That wet silver cement looks like alien mud, the way light reflects off it.
@bfd1565
Жыл бұрын
Fun stuff Sreetips. Are you going to be working with your filter and paper storage anytime soon?
@charleswise5570
Жыл бұрын
I would love to see you melt the silver crystal down, and mold a bar of pure silver, like the size kept in Ft.Knox.
@dawnjennings4864
Жыл бұрын
Thanks for the upload!
@almacli8360
Жыл бұрын
Amazing you definitely are the best I ever seen Streetips
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@cditzler6313
Жыл бұрын
every time you show this process I look at my etched tequila bottle with the crystals in it and say thanks man for showing me how to do that
@titanicfilmsbymark
Жыл бұрын
Great video as always
@christopherleubner6633
Жыл бұрын
Used to do PM chemistry a while back, definitely messy toxic and not too forgiving. Requires nitric acid and other chemicals that could get the undevided attention of homeland security as well.
@taunusrunner3767
Жыл бұрын
another great video from you :-)
@vanidar21
Жыл бұрын
great vid as always!
@chrisp7641
Жыл бұрын
Reminds me of a homemade clay I made as a kid. Once the water is pulled out that is.
@Addh0le
Жыл бұрын
I just watched a Jeff Williams video where he inquarted with lead, it was very cool.
@alexandr_chuprov
Жыл бұрын
Nice video I've missed. Wow!
@jwrappuhn71
Жыл бұрын
Excellent.
@Emma-cq9oy
Жыл бұрын
When dealing with that much cement silver, I honestly have no experience or knowledge on this other than your videos, would it be easier to fill the bucket with distilled water to dilute then tip off/filter off the excess liquid and continue that way until it's clean instead of doing multiple tiny batches trying to pull through a blocked filter?
@toomuchdebt5669
Жыл бұрын
Ahh so shinny. I hope to do triple 9s some day.
@stefche_88
Жыл бұрын
Awesome I’m going to try it
@davemi00
Жыл бұрын
Awesome 😎 Thanks again.
@kyzercube
Жыл бұрын
Hey Sreetips, @ 6:49 what are those long thin green crystals forming around the silverware at the bottom of that large jar?
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
It could be silver or copper nitrate crystals.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I don’t know. I’ve seen them before and it’s usually when the solution is shaded green.
@mrisseeuw
Жыл бұрын
So Sreetips... I have worked with silver compounds in the past and some were light sensitive. Light exposure gave a dark silver precipitate. Have you experienced any issues with light when handling your silver nitrate solutions?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Not so much with silver nitrate. Direct sun light may be a different story. But I have seen silver chloride turn color just from exposure to ambient artificial light.
@gonetroutfishing
Жыл бұрын
Gooood evening from central Florida! Hope everyone has a great night! To much silver isn't always a bad thing lol.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I love silver. But refining it is a giant pain. That’s why I’m so far behind.
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
@@sreetips Still not as much pain as with Platinum!
@matthewsemenuk8953
Жыл бұрын
cemented out silver have other uses? used for inquartation gold or cementing gold? or do you prefer to use thrifted silver for that kind of stuff? maybe cement silver is too small / packed to cement out gold?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
It would work well cementing gold. Using cement silver to inquart is not recommended because palladium follows silver and it would tend to build up in the silver.
@ScottMorganINFJ
Жыл бұрын
Seeing the blue liquid come out of the grey cement silver is quite something.
@user-lb8do4ew6k
Жыл бұрын
We're gonna need a bigger buchner funnel 😀
@gyvren
Жыл бұрын
I love your videos and I highly respect your attention to process and detail. So did you basically turn your garage into your lab or did you buy/lease a separate property to work in?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
It’s my garage
@piranhabadass1
Жыл бұрын
Impressive stuff :)
@badtrip801
Жыл бұрын
Your mic is a little too close to your mouth..... I absolutely love your videos and watch every single one and I appreciate your time and effort sir 👍
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Fixed it.
@Camelguy069
Жыл бұрын
@sreetips question. I've binge watched at least 3 days worth of videos, maybe more. In one of your videos you are torching some sterling silver candle holders to add to your gold refining byproduct pot. Is it possible to just start from there with sterling silver and create the silver nitrate solution and then use the copper to cement out the sliver?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I think I used clean cement silver a long time ago to start my silver cell. Afterwards I saved some silver crystal from each harvest to use to make electrolyte for my silver cell.
@Camelguy069
Жыл бұрын
@@sreetipsI planned on using some pure .999 silver like you did with that massive silver coin to create my silver electrolyte for the silver cell. Is this correct? I'm talking about skipping the gold inquartation process and going straight to creating the solution using the hot dilute nitric acid to dissolve the silver from the sterling silver to start the process. (Creating silver nitrate and copper nitrate solution) Then cement out the silver onto copper. After that drying and melting into shot. Then using a silver cell to grow the silver crystals. I know you use
@Camelguy069
Жыл бұрын
@@sreetips also, thank you for responding!
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
@@Camelguy069 I think it should work this way. It's just that Sreetips refines both silver and gold, to the benefit of both processes. It saves on nitric acid and labor.
@craigwillis9491
12 күн бұрын
Wow just did my 1st nitric acid boils for rendering .925, I have a greater respect for the time, energy and real work you put in with your channel, as well as all the knowledge you share, So much to learn, and so many questions, Thanks for doing the channel. I would have never done any of this without your channel! Quick question is the gray powder which clogs up the filter paper when filtering the silver nitrate solution actually silver cement? and should I keep it for melting down the silver cement?
@sreetips
11 күн бұрын
I don’t know what the gray powder is. I save all my filters and process them later on.
@craigwillis9491
11 күн бұрын
I didn’t realize how much filler powder was inside of sterling knife handles , it is probably some of that, as well, as cement
@ablelawrence5750
Жыл бұрын
Thank you sir
@josephcormier5974
Жыл бұрын
Excellent video I never get tired of seeing this it's so interesting can you recover the copper if you wanted to? Keep up the great work five stars my friend thank you for sharing
@xenaguy01
Жыл бұрын
Yes. He said in this video, that to recover the copper, the copper solution goes into a bucket with iron bars, which copper is cemented onto, just like silver cements into copper.
@josephcormier5974
Жыл бұрын
@@xenaguy01 yes but in previous video he stated that he doesn't recover the copper he tossed it away I was asking if he's started to keep it
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Copper is very useful for refining silver. But after it’s been used it becomes waste. I have fallen way behind with the silver.
@xenaguy01
Жыл бұрын
@@josephcormier5974 _"I was asking if he's started to keep it."_ No. You asked if he *_COULD_* recover the copper if he wanted to. That's what you asked, and that's what I answered.
@prestontucker6171
Жыл бұрын
Mr. Sreetips, do you keep most/all of your silver? Or do you ever sell any of it to larger refiners or mints like you do with your gold sometimes?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I sell small quantities on my eBay site
@prestontucker6171
Жыл бұрын
@@sreetips And the rest you store for personal use/wealth building?
@babybokchoiii
Жыл бұрын
just finished break bad and youtube thinking, i might also like to watch some silver refining in a home lab😂
@jozefigueiredo8792
10 ай бұрын
How do you feel about refining silver smelting instead of using acids to remove all base metals? The only time I need to use nitric acid would be to separate gold from silver.
@sreetips
10 ай бұрын
I don’t know how
@user-ed9tb1yz9b
Жыл бұрын
friend, why don't you boil the silver precipitate after reduction with copper in sulfuric acid? and then silver will be purer on electrolysis
@slowmotion2268
Жыл бұрын
Can u give us more details about liquid name and water temp and everything if u want?!
@user-kl6ej9zh2i
Жыл бұрын
I'm pretty sure that one of your subscribers made a video on making a Buckner funnel out of two five gallon buckets. That seems to be the point that you have reached.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I remember.
@jensbeckmann2736
Жыл бұрын
Love your work. Two questions: 1.) Why don't you get a rotavap to reduce the enormous amounts of liquids you are handling? 2.) Did you ever try to substitute conc. nitric acid by dilute nitric acid / hydrogen peroxide? It should dissolve silver just as good minus the red nitrogen dioxide fumes.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I’m too poor for a rotating evaporator. I’ve heard of using hydrogen peroxide but I’ve never tried it
@nicholasb8799
Жыл бұрын
Silver Day!!! Who else is celebrating??
@Addh0le
Жыл бұрын
Do you think you would sell any of those silver nitrate bottles?
@GR8SCOTT
Жыл бұрын
Have you made Gold Crystals? What solution did you have those crystals stored in? If crystals do tone, what would you suggest to remove toning? Acetone?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I’ve never seen pure gold tone.
@hiseminencetheholymacdiarmada
5 ай бұрын
This is FASCINATING to me. What advice would you have for someone (like me) looking to get into this sort of thing? I’m extremely interested in building a very professional and streamlined version of this operation. Thank you!
@sreetips
5 ай бұрын
Check the goldrefiningforum.com there’s folks there that can help get you started.
@weasel6three597
Жыл бұрын
Very cool, what happens to the liquid after you cement out the copper on the angle iron? Can you finally run it down the drain?
@m3sca1
Жыл бұрын
he covers this in an earlier video on waste treatment, there was a pH adjustment to 7, and i think some bleach but i might be confusing that with a codyslab video where he used cyanide on dishes with gold trimmings
@weasel6three597
Жыл бұрын
@@m3sca1 so eventually it is determined safe to dump it into the city sewer?
@m3sca1
Жыл бұрын
@@weasel6three597 yeah once it has all the metals dropped and neutral pH it is fine, i will see if i can find his video and give you the title....
@RainHavok1111
Жыл бұрын
Interesting. 🖤🖤🖤
@jeffreyd3231
7 ай бұрын
I’m curious-do you live out in the sticks somewhere? Any issues with neighbors/fumes, etc?
@sreetips
7 ай бұрын
No issues with neighbors. I do this fairly infrequently. It’s my hobby, not my job.
@warpo007
Жыл бұрын
How long did it take a accumulate all that cement silver, Mr Sreetips? have you ever melted down something you wish you hadn't? eg, item was more valuable left as jewellery.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Sometimes, when I have something nice, and I hate to have to destroy it. I close my eyes, put two big cutters on the piece, and chop it, and let it go, without regret.
@scotthultin7769
Жыл бұрын
21👍's up thanks for sharing
@sirridok
8 ай бұрын
Hey what's up brother..is it normal to get a gas off from the copper cementing or did i have a delayed nitric reaction? I left a fork in to assure all nitric was used up but seems after adding more distilled ( wash out) it reignited? Also the cement top half has an obvious copper tone where as the bottom has pure clean silver appearance. Does your cement look like that? Wondering if i should smelt and then redissolve before putting in the cell. I appreciate any feed back you can give me!
@sreetips
8 ай бұрын
Outgassing (with fumes) happens when there’s excess nitric. To reduce this I add some sterling and heat until all fumes are gone. But even then I still get some gassing. Going back to nitric isn’t necessary. I’d just melt into shot and run it.
@sirridok
8 ай бұрын
@@sreetips thank you brother! I've learned a ton from you already! I wouldn't have known any of that a couple weeks ago, this is very interesting!
@mikeward7290
8 ай бұрын
@@sirridok Same here. I'm actually working around all of this equipment putting in all the plumbing at an old mine in Ca. Everything used in the video's explains everything I've seen or had to move out of my way multiple times.
@Silvercrypto-xk4zy
9 ай бұрын
What is the best way to melt down silver jewelry that has cheap/fake stones? Removing the tiny ones is a PITA, so just wondering if just melting it all down and separating would work
@sreetips
9 ай бұрын
I try to remove all the stones with cutters
@shaneyork300
Жыл бұрын
From what I've seen, if you clean the cement silver until clear with distilled water and boil it in HCL it'll be .999 fine. The silver crystal is easily .9999 fine!
@Reasonist
Жыл бұрын
What’s the rate of speed that your cell is dissolving a kg of silver shot at, given the settings you run it? Does bowl size affect the plating speed given more or less surface area?
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
No, the speed is determined solely by the electric current passed through the cell (current is a rate of charge transfer). Calculation is easy. You divide the current (in amps) by the electron charge (1.6e-19) to get the number of atoms deposited per second. Then you divide the result by the Avogadro constant (6.02e23) to get the number of moles of silver deposited per second. Multiply the result by the silver's standard atomic weight (107.87g/mol) which yields the silver deposition rate in grams per second. Dissolution rate is the same as the deposition rate. For example, for 1A current, the rate is about 0,001g/s, which is about 4g/h. In 10 days typical cell running time of Sreetips, 967g of silver would be processed.
@Reasonist
Жыл бұрын
@@bormisha awesome explanation! Thank you 🙏🏼
@sirDusty59
Жыл бұрын
ok i have a question are you able to sorta do the same process wiht say like gold or platinum to get high purity crystals of said metals or does it only really work with silver
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
He did it once with gold, there is a video on his channel about that.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Yes
@ericbeeman8717
Жыл бұрын
Just when it's getting good dam commercial break
@terrybourke7838
Жыл бұрын
Not sure if would work but could you run the silver cement through a small sluice to capture and clean it?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I don’t know
@jeremiah1528
Жыл бұрын
So cool Sreetips ❤️....
@mikeandre7364
Жыл бұрын
Would cooling the solution decrease the rate of crystal formation, increasing size of crystal? Just wonder if it could be a fairly profitable solution as I know you're selling the more well developed crystals.
@bormisha
Жыл бұрын
For growing large monocrystals, special measures must be taken. There must be videos on KZitem how large monocrystals of silicon are grown for electronics.
@OwlTech333
Жыл бұрын
I wonder if a final dilute HNO3 (5%) rinse would bring the purity up to 99.99, it happened to me... anyway great video
@GR19611
Жыл бұрын
Never get sick of seeing these videos Thanks. Would it be possible to suspend 9999 silver wire in the cell in an interesting shape and have crystals form upon it ? I have always wondered if this was possible and make for an interesting video .
@scrappydoo7887
Жыл бұрын
I think the wire might have to be stainless steel but it would look cool if it works
@GR19611
Жыл бұрын
@@scrappydoo7887 Good piont , If this is correct , Stainless figurines large enough for display , could be acid etched before being hooked up in a deeper stainless container . Crystals could coat the rough surface to the point were they become too fragile or practical to continue , before cutting free , as stunning original pieces .
@scrappydoo7887
Жыл бұрын
@@GR19611 yes that would be very cool. I'd like to know how fragile the crystals actually are to be honest because they would make excellent gifts
@GR19611
Жыл бұрын
@@scrappydoo7887 Yes , I wonder what Sreetips might say about this. Use the figurine as the Cathode . Cheers👍
@jonmalinowski2620
Жыл бұрын
Question for you streetips is it possible to get the silver from 35 percent silver war nickels? I'm sure it's not cost effective but it has always intrigued me how it would be possible. Just wondering if it was possible and if it is if you could make a video about it. Thanks Jon
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
Yes, just dissolve in nitric, filter, cement in copper or do a silver chloride conversion with lye and sugar.
@user-gv4zu4fx7h
Жыл бұрын
Доброго времени суток. Подскажите пожалуйста как приготовить электролит для электролиза серебра? Большое Спасибо зарание
@joetexas1546
Жыл бұрын
Can I purchase a quantity of that silver shot? My Grandkids would love that stuff!!!
@joshuahopper3036
Жыл бұрын
Is there any value in trying to recover the copper. Figured in enough volume it might’ve worth it?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
It takes more time and effort than it’s worth. I can find it cheap at sales. No need to waste time with copper.
@Sigma33sailor
Жыл бұрын
What would happen if you put the cement silver directly into the silver cell filter basket? Larger surface area so might go faster.
@terryfrench5632
Жыл бұрын
It would just turn into a silver mud cake, fouling the cloth.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I’ve tried it with negative results. The filter plugged, the current flow dropped off rapidly. Silver shot/granules are the way to go.
@ach7177
Жыл бұрын
sir,how much copper should I put in a solution per every liter and how do I know all silver in a solution participated or not ?
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
I add enough copper to have some pieces left when the reaction is complete - usually overnight.
@elbybrook9466
Жыл бұрын
This is kind of like a lesson on how to deal with waste products. Could you go into more detail about the chemistry behind this? Thank you.
@sreetips
Жыл бұрын
The blue liquid goes in waste treatment bucket full of iron. The copper cements out on the iron and is tossed. Then the acidic iron solution goes in a waste treatment bucket and sodium hydroxide is added to drop the metal hydroxides. These are filtered out and the solids disposed of.
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