An electrical cable is an assembly of one or more wires running side by side or bundled, which is used to carry electric current.
Cables are used to connect two or more electrical devices, thus allowing transfer of electricity from one device to the other.
Why is it important to size a cable correctly?
If the cable is undersized it will be inadequate to carry the rated load current, resulting in heating of cable and in extreme cases burning of the cable.
It must be ensured to provide a load with a suitable voltage i.e. with minimum voltage drop. Cable with a small diameter will have a higher resistance and will cause more voltage drop across the cable.
If the cable is oversized, it will require more material to be used in its construction, causing the cable to become expensive.
Larger pathway/Cable trays may be required, if multiple oversized cables are running parallelly.
Cable tray filling may become an issue if we are installing an oversized cable on a tightly loaded cable tray.
We may face termination issues at equipment terminal in case an oversized cable is selected as equipment terminal may not be adequate (as terminals have a limit on maximum cable size that can be terminated).
Installation of cables may be an issue as oversized cables will have larger bending ratio.
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