How did the Andalusian Muslims, who created one of the greatest civilizations of the Middle Ages, disappear from the stage of history? This was actually a gradual process. From the very first day Muslims set foot on the Iberian Peninsula, Catholics began taking action to expel them. On May 29, 1085, one of the most important cities of Andalusia, Toledo, was occupied by King Alfonso VI of Castile and León. After this, the invasions continued rapidly. In 1118 Zaragoza fell, in 1148 Tortosa and Lleida were lost, and in 1170 Teruel was seized, with key cities falling one by one from Muslim control. The reunification of the Castile and León kingdoms in 1230 further strengthened the Catholics' position. After this date, the intensity of the attacks increased. On June 30, 1236, Muslims lost Córdoba, the capital of Andalusia and an important center of civilization. During all these invasions, Catholics initiated a cultural assimilation process against the Andalusian Muslims under the guise of 'religious and racial unity' in Spain. On February 12, 1502, a decree was issued deciding that no Muslims should remain in Castile and its vicinity. From this date on, all Muslims in Castile were considered Christians. Over time, this escalated to forced baptisms in public ceremonies in all Andalusian cities, starting from Granada. For Catholics, this was not enough. Despite their efforts to suppress, they always feared the Muslims regaining power in Andalusia and succeeding against Catholic rule. In 1609, Spanish rulers claimed to have found a final solution to rid themselves of the Moriscos. This included options such as being gathered in a special area and isolated from society, subjected to mass slaughter, collectively exiled outside Spain, and sent to work in the mines of South America. The adoption of the mass expulsion option by the State Council prompted King Philip III to act. Thus, by the first half of the 17th century, approximately three million Muslims were expelled from Spain, bringing an end to the Islamic presence in the country.
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Негізгі бет How Was the Andalusian Civilization Destroyed?
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