#class #cbse #biology #neet #bsbe #general #@ std12th # CUET # Here are some notes on Lymphocytes, their types, and Vaccination:
Lymphocytes:
- A type of white blood cell (WBC) that plays a central role in the immune system
- Produced in lymphoid organs (e.g. bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes)
- Responsible for specific immunity against pathogens
Types of Lymphocytes:
- T cells (T lymphocytes):
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Directly kill infected cells or produce chemical signals that activate other immune responses
- Subtypes:
- CD4+ (helper T cells)
- CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells)
- B cells (B lymphocytes):
- Humoral immunity
- Produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
- Activated to become plasma cells, which produce large amounts of antibodies
- Natural Killer cells (NK cells):
- Non-specific immunity
- Recognize and kill cancer cells and virally infected cells
Vaccination:
- The administration of a vaccine to stimulate the immune system to produce immunity against a specific disease
- Types of vaccines:
- Inactivated vaccines (e.g. flu shot)
- Live, attenuated vaccines (e.g. MMR)
- Subunit vaccines (e.g. HPV)
- How vaccines work:
- Introduce a small, harmless piece of a pathogen (antigen) to the body
- Lymphocytes recognize the antigen and mount an immune response
- Memory cells are formed, allowing for long-term immunity.
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