Human Male Reproductive System
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Key Components:
Testes (Testicles):
Function: The testes are the primary reproductive organs in males. They produce sperm and testosterone.
Location: They are located in the scrotum, a sac outside the body cavity that helps regulate the temperature essential for sperm production.
Scrotum:
Function: The scrotum is a skin-covered sac that houses the testes. It acts as a climate control system, keeping the testes at a temperature slightly cooler than the body's core temperature, which is necessary for sperm production.
Structure: The scrotum has a muscular layer called the dartos muscle, which contracts and relaxes to move the testes closer to or farther from the body, helping regulate temperature.
Epididymis:
Function: The epididymis is a coiled tube located at the back of the testes where sperm mature and are stored. Sperm gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg here.
Structure: It has three parts: the head (receives sperm from the testes), the body (where sperm matures), and the tail (where sperm is stored until ejaculation).
Vas Deferens:
Function: The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Structure: The vas deferens joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
Seminal Vesicles:
Function: These are glands that secrete a thick fluid rich in fructose, which provides energy for the sperm. This fluid makes up a significant portion of the ejaculate.
Location: They are located behind the bladder and open into the ejaculatory ducts.
Prostate Gland:
Function: The prostate gland produces a slightly alkaline fluid that makes up about 30% of the semen. This fluid helps neutralize the acidic environment of the female vagina, prolonging the lifespan of sperm.
Structure: The prostate surrounds the urethra just below the bladder and contributes to the force of semen expulsion during ejaculation.
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Glands):
Function: These small glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that is released before ejaculation. This pre-ejaculate helps lubricate the urethra and neutralize any residual acidity from urine.
Location: They are located below the prostate gland and empty into the urethra.
Urethra:
Function: The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder and semen from the reproductive tract to the outside of the body. During ejaculation, it is the pathway through which semen is expelled.
Structure: It passes through the penis and ends at the urethral meatus, the opening at the tip of the penis.
Penis:
Function: The penis is the male external sexual organ. It is responsible for delivering semen into the female reproductive tract during intercourse and also serves as the conduit for urine to leave the body.
Structure: It consists of three columns of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum. The latter surrounds the urethra and extends to form the glans penis (the tip of the penis).
Hormonal Regulation:
Testosterone: The primary male sex hormone, produced by the testes, regulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as facial hair and a deeper voice), spermatogenesis (sperm production), and libido (sexual drive).
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates the testes to produce sperm.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates the production of testosterone.
The male reproductive system works in coordination with other body systems to ensure reproductive success, from the production of sperm in the testes to the ejaculation of semen during sexual intercourse.
Негізгі бет Human Male Reproductive System I male reproductive system class 12 biology I NEET / CUET
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