Hyperprolactinemia: The medications that can cause it and what can be done about it.
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone. When prolactin levels rise during pregnancy, it causes the breasts to grow and to produce milk. Outside of pregnancy, prolactin is important in regulating menstrual cycles in women and sperm production in men.
Dopamine is one of the primary regulators of prolactin levels. Active dopamine signaling in the pituitary gland keep prolactin levels low. Drugs that reduce dopamine activity can cause prolactin levels to rise.
Most treatments for psychosis reduce the dopamine signal, and have the potential to raise prolactin levels. Some of the medications within this category are more likely to do so than others.
But the list of potential prolactin-elevating medications is by no means limited to antipsychotic medications. Elevated prolactin levels are possible from a large number of other types of medications.
This lecture was given at the August 11, 2020 meeting of the SZconsult learning community.
SZconsult is a free consultation + education service offered by Northeast Ohio Medical University. It’s open to any clinician who wants to learn more about schizophrenia-spectrum illness, or who wants to tap into the collective wisdom of the learning community to find answers to clinical problems.
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