These lectures have been amazing, very easy to understand.
@jeanneirland4353
11 жыл бұрын
Thanks for posting these videos and thanks to Dr. Goldstein. I am taking this class in an online format and need the explanation of an audio presentation.
@ballin2554
12 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much Dr. Goldstein!
@camy563
3 жыл бұрын
Awesome! Thanks a ton!!!!
@shardule1
13 жыл бұрын
Such a beautifully run lecture. Thank you.
@vgzuvcfhbcgf5831
10 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for this! Abbas is a bit boring to read and this saved me.
@say2577
9 жыл бұрын
Thank you.
@djandahalf
9 жыл бұрын
Excellent !!
@sashieba
12 жыл бұрын
thanks so much for posting these! really really helpful, and surprisingly fun :)
@serendipitychild9636
10 жыл бұрын
Wow. These are a really good set of lectures. I have a query about the tetanus-toxoid vaccines.. if we all have circulating high-affinity antibodies to tetanus toxin (having been immunised), why would an naive B-cells capable of binding the saccharide be able to compete? Surely the anti-tetaus antibodies would result in the rapid clearing of the innoculation, and so there should be inefficient/ low level activation of the saccharide-reactive b-cells. If someone can shed some light, I would be grateful!
@harrisgoldstein2449
10 жыл бұрын
An excellent question. I would reply that since the vaccine is given by intradermal or intramuscular route, the levels of antibody in those tissues are very low and would not clear the tetanus before the B cells can bind the linked polysaccharide. This may be different if the vaccine was given intravenously where high levels of antibody are available to bind the vaccine.
@serendipitychild9636
10 жыл бұрын
Thanks :) this is a very satisfying answer.
@carcaperu4041
5 жыл бұрын
27:00 Questions about conjugated vaccines. 1)With a tetanus toxin/polysaccharide vaccine , do you get immunity to both the toxin and polysaccharide? 2) If the person is already vaccinated to toxin, does the vaccine fail? 3)Similarly, two conjugated vaccines with the same protein but diferent polysaccharides, does the second vaccination fail?
@harrisgoldstein2449
5 жыл бұрын
1) Yes, you will get an antibody and T cell response to the toxin. In addition, when a polysaccharide-specific B cell internalizes the tetanus-ploysaccharide vaccine by its polysaccharide-specific antibody, it will process the vaccine, present tetanus peptides to a tetanus-specific CD4+ T cells and recruit T cell help to enable the polysaccharide-specific B cell to class-switch to IgG production and increase its affinity by somatic hypermutation. 2) It will actually work better because there are more pre-existing tetanus-specific CD4+ T cells that can provide help to the polysaccharide-specific B cell presenting teatanus toxoid-derived peptides. That is why we use as the protein one that the person has already been immunized for.
@HELPMEREACHKSUBSWITHOUTA-ph5me
5 жыл бұрын
Solve my doubt plz There are two kinds of antibody structures shown everywhere 1. Structural antibody 2.functional anyibody Are they same or different plz explain this is very confusing
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